After years of fieldwork and interviews, Yavuz has rejected the predominantly essentialist readings of Erdoğan’s policies as reflecting his natural authoritarian personality or the fact that he always has been Islamist. In this work, Yavuz meticulously makes the case that Erdoğan’s personality, leadership identity and political ideology shift continuously. This book is a must-read for anyone who desires to understand Turkey’s greatest political crisis as we approach the centennial of the country’s founding as a modern Republic.