James N. Druckman is the Payson S. Wild Professor of Political Science at Northwestern University, Illinois. He is the author of several books, his most recent being Experimental Thinking: A Primer on Social Science Experiments (2022). Elizabeth A. Sharrow is an associate professor in the School of Public Policy and the Department of History at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. She has won multiple awards for her scholarship on Title IX.

• 1. Gender equality in college athletics: assessing 50 years of Title IX; 2. Using survey data to study policy support; 3. Student-athlete contact and policy support; 4. Organizational culture and policy support; 5. The public, fans, and policy support; 6. Gender equality in college sports and beyond.

'Why, fifty years after the passage of Title IX, does gender equality remain elusive? Bringing rigorous analyses of multiple sources of original data into conversation with theories of political behavior, organizational culture, and political economy, James Druckman and Elizabeth Sharrow demonstrate persuasively the ways in which institutional factors such as sex segregation, organizational culture, and economic pressure interact with individual attitudes to normalize gendered hierarchies and anti-trans attitudes, suppress potentially powerful coalitions, and ultimately undermine the possibility of gender equality. They also, however, identify levers that provide possibilities for ways forward. The result is a crucial set of insights about both the limitations and possibilities of a key piece of American legislation.' Dara Strolovitch, Yale University