Kenneth J. Rothman, DrPH, is Professor of Epidemiology at the Boston University School of Public Health. He is also Distinguished Fellow Emeritus at the Research Triangle Institute, an independent nonprofit research institute dedicated to improving the human condition. His research interests in epidemiology have spanned a range of health problems that includes cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurologic disease, birth defects, injuries, environmental exposures, and drug epidemiology. Krista F. Huybrechts, PhD, is Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology at Harvard Medical School and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, where she teaches graduate-level courses in epidemiology. Her research centers on generating evidence regarding the safety and effectiveness of medication use during pregnancy to inform the unique benefit-risk trade-off faced by women ofreproductive age and pregnant women. She is particularly interested in the proper use of large databases derived from health data collected in the context of routine medical care to address causal questions in perinatal epidemiology. She is a Fellow of the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology.Eleanor J. Murray, ScD, is Assistant Professor of Epidemiology at the Boston University School of Public Health. Her research is on translational methodology for improving the quality of epidemiologic research, with particular focus on causal inference methods. She has developed and applied novel methods across a wide variety of public health issues including infectious disease, cardiovascular disease, dementia, alcohol and drug use disorders, occupational health issues, reproductive and perinatal health, and pharmacoepidemiology.

• PrefaceChapter 1: Introduction to Epidemiologic Thinking Chapter 2: Pioneers in Epidemiology and Public HealthChapter 3: What Is Causation?Chapter 4: Measures of Disease Occurrence, Association, and Causal EffectsChapter 5: Types of Epidemiologic StudiesChapter 6: Dealing with BiasesChapter 7: Random Error and the Role of StatisticsChapter 8: Analyzing Simple Epidemiologic DataChapter 9: Stratified AnalysisChapter 10: Using Regression Models in Epidemiologic AnalysisChapter 11: Measuring InteractionsChapter 12: Epidemiology in Clinical SettingsChapter 13: Infectious Disease EpidemiologyChapter 14: Field EpidemiologyAn Introduction to Some Advanced TopicsIndex