Edited by the late Kenneth G. Willis, formerly Emeritus Professor of Environmental Economics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, Kenneth Button, University Professor, Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, US and Peter Nijkamp, Professor Emeritus, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands, the Centre for European Studies, Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iasi, Romania and the School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, China

• Contents:Acknowledgements • Introduction Part I: ValuationAOpportunity Cost and Preventative Expenditure1. Claire A. Montgomery, Gardner M. Brown, Jr. and Darius M. Adams (1994), ‘The Marginal Cost of Species Preservation: The Northern Spotted Owl’2. K.G. Willis, J.F. Benson and Caroline M. Saunders (1988), ‘The Impact of Agricultural Policy on the Costs of Nature Conservation’BTravel Cost3. Erol Balkan and James R. Kahn (1988), ‘The Value of Changes in Deer Hunting Quality: A Travel Cost Approach’4. V. Kerry Smith (1987), ‘Selection and Recreation Demand’5. Nancy E. Bockstael, W. Michael Hanemann and Catherine L. Kling (1987), ‘Estimating the Value of Water Quality Improvements in a Recreational Demand Framework’6. Jeffrey Englin and Robert Mendelsohn (1991), ‘A Hedonic Travel Cost Analysis for Valuation of Multiple Components of Site Quality: The Recreation Value of Forest Management’CHedonic Price7. David S. Brookshire, Mark A. Thayer, John Tschirhart and William D. Schulze (1985), ‘A Test of the Expected Utility Model: Evidence from Earthquake Risks’8. Paul Cheshire and Stephen Sheppard (1989), ‘British Planning Policy and Access to Housing: Some Empirical Estimates’9. Glenn C. Blomquist, Mark C. Berger and John P. Hoehn (1988), ‘New Estimates of Quality of Life in Urban Areas’DContingent Valuation 10. R. Hoevenagel and J.W. van der Linden (1993), ‘Effects of Different Descriptions of the Ecological Good on Willingness to Pay Values’11. Dale Whittington, V. Kerry Smith, Apia Okorafor, Augustine Okore, Jin Long Liu and Alexander McPhail (1992), ‘Giving Respondents Time to Think in Contingent Valuation Studies: A Developing Country Application’12. Richard C. Ready, John C. Whitehead and Glenn C. Blomquist (1995), ‘Contingent Valuation When Respondents are Ambivalent’ 13. Richard G. Walsh and Lynde O. Gilliam (1982), ‘Benefits of Wilderness Expansion with Excess Demand for Indian Peaks’EDiscrete Choice14. John B. Loomis (1988), ‘Contingent Valuation Using Dichotomous Choice Models’15. Michael Hanemann, John Loomis and Barbara Kanninen (1991), ‘Statistical Efficiency of Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation’16. Trudy Ann Cameron (1988), ‘A New Paradigm for Valuing Non-market Goods Using Referendum Data: Maximum Likelihood Estimation by Censored Logistic Regression’FNon-use Values17. Raymond J. Kopp (1992), ‘Why Existence Values Should be Used in Cost-Benefit Analysis’ 18. R. Blamey, M. Common and J. Quiggin (1995), ‘Respondents to Contingent Valuation Surveys: Consumers or Citizens?’GWTP v. WTA Controversy19. W. Michael Hanemann (1991), ‘Willingness to Pay and Willingness to Accept: How Much Can They Differ?’20. Don L. Coursey, John L. Hovis and William D. Schulze (1987), ‘The Disparity Between Willingness to Accept and Willingness to Pay Measures of Value’Part II: Perceptions and Anomalies21. Paul Slovic, Baruch Fischhoff and Sarah Lichtenstein (1980), ‘Facts and Fears: Understanding Perceived Risk’22. Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman (1986), ‘Rational Choice and the Framing of Decisions’23. Daniel Kahneman, Jack L. Knetsch and Richard H. Thaler (1991), ‘Anomalies: The Endowment Effect, Loss Aversion, and Status Quo Bias’24. Daniel Kahneman and Jack L. Knetsch (1992), ‘Valuing Public Goods: The Purchase of Moral Satisfaction’25. Ian Bateman, Alistair Munro, Bruce Rhodes, Chris Starmer and Robert Sugden (1997), ‘Does Part-whole Bias Exist? An Experimental Investigation’Name IndexVolume II: Part I: Multi-Attribute Goods and ProgrammesAPrograms 1. Alan Randall and John P. Hoehn (1996), ‘Embedding in Market Demand Systems’2. John P. Hoehn and Alan Randall (1989), ‘Too Many Proposals Pass the Benefit Cost Test’3. I. Majid, J.A. Sinden and Alan Randall (1983), ‘Benefit Evaluation of Increments to Existing Systems of Public Facilities’BAttributes 4. Thomas J. Lareau and Douglas A. Rae (1989), ‘Valuing WTP for Diesel Odor Reductions: An Application of the Contingent Ranking Technique’5. W. Adamowicz, J. Louviere and M. Williams (1994), ‘Combining Revealed and Stated Preference Methods for Valuing Environmental Amenities’6. Brian Roe, Kevin J. Boyle and Mario F. Teisl (1996), ‘Using Conjoint Analysis to Derive Estimates of Compensating Variation’Part II: Validity7. Richard C. Bishop, Thomas A. Heberlein and Mary Jo Kealy (1983), ‘Contingent Valuation of Environmental Assets: Comparisons with a Simulated Market’8. Christine Seller, John R. Stoll and Jean-Paul Chavas (1985), ‘Validation of Empirical Measures of Welfare Change: A Comparison of Nonmarket Techniques’9. Kalle Seip and Jon Strand (1992), ‘Willingness to Pay for Environmental Goods in Norway: A Contingent Valuation Study with Real Payment’10. Helen R. Neill, Ronald G. Cummings, Philip T. Ganderton, Glenn W. Harrison and Thomas McGuckin (1994), ‘Hypothetical Surveys and Real Economic Commitments’11. Charles C. Griffin, John Briscoe, Bhanwar Singh, Radhika Ramasubban and Ramesh Bhatia (1995), ‘Contingent Valuation and Actual Behavior: Predicting Connections to New Water Systems in the State of Kerala, India’Part III: Environmental Allocation12. Andy H. Barnett and Bruce Yandle, Jr. (1973), ‘Allocating Environmental Resources’13. Howard Kunreuther and Paul Portney (1991), ‘Wheel of Fortune: A Lottery/Auction Mechanism for Siting of Noxious Facilities’14. Bruno S. Frey, Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Reiner Eichenberger (1996), ‘The Old Lady Visits Your Backyard: A Tale of Morals and Markets’15. George van Houtven and Maureen L. Cropper (1996), ‘When is a Life Too Costly to Save? The Evidence from U.S. Environmental Regulations’Part IV: Property Rights and Legal Issues16. Robin Gregory and Detlof von Winterfeldt (1996), ‘The Effects of Electromagnetic Fields from Transmission Lines on Public Fears and Property Values’17. Carol A. Jones and Katherine A. Pease (1997), ‘Restoration-Based Compensation Measures in Natural Resource Liability Statutes’Part V: Some IssuesABiodiversity18. R. David Simpson, Roger A. Sedjo and John W. Reid (1996), ‘Valuing Biodiversity Use in Pharmaceutical Research’19. Andrew Metrick and Martin L. Weitzman (1996), ‘Patterns of Behavior in Endangered Species Preservation’BWetlands20. Ing-Marie Gren, Carl Folke, Kerry Turner and Ian Bateman (1994), ‘Primary and Secondary Values of Wetland Ecosystems’21. John Bowers (1988), ‘Cost Benefit Analysis in Theory and Practice: Agricultural Land Drainage Projects’CLandscape 22. José Manuel Santos (1996), ‘Valuing Alternative Bundles of Landscape Attributes: Cost-Benefit Analysis for the Selection of Optimal Landscapes’DNoise23. Dean Uyeno, Stanley W. Hamilton and Andrew J.G. Biggs (1993), ‘Density of Residential Land Use and the Impact of Airport Noise’24. Nils Soguel (1996), ‘Contingent Valuation of Traffic Noise Reduction Benefits’ESafety 25. M.W. Jones-Lee, M. Hammerton and P.R. Phillips (1985), ‘The Value of Safety: Results of a National Sample Survey’26. Michael Jones-Lee and Graham Loomes (1994), ‘Towards a Willingness-to-Pay Based Value of Underground Safety’FAir Pollution 27. Daniel Shefer (1994), ‘Congestion, Air Pollution, and Road Fatalities in Urban Areas’28. Karl-Göran Mäler (1990), ‘International Environmental Problems’GBenefit Transfer 29. John B. Loomis (1992), ‘The Evolution of a More Rigorous Approach to Benefit Transfer: The Benefit Function Transfer’30. Mark Downing and Teofilo Ozuna, Jr. (1996), ‘Testing the Reliability of the Benefit Function Transfer Approach’HMeta-Analysis 31. V. Kerry Smith and Yoshiaki Kaoru (1990), ‘Signals or Noise? Explaining the Variation in Recreation Benefit Estimates’32. Kenneth Button and Peter Nijkamp (1997), ‘Environmental Policy Assessment and the Usefulness of Meta-analysis’Part VI: Conclusion33. Paul R. Portney (1992), ‘Trouble in Happyville’34. G. Munda, P. Nijkamp and P. Rietveld (1995), ‘Monetary and Non-Monetary Evaluation Methods in Sustainable Development Planning’Name Index