Nicholas A. Ashford holds a PhD in chemistry and a law degree from the University of Chicago, where he also received graduate training in economics. He is professor of technology and policy in the School of Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Charles C. Caldart holds a law degree from the University of Washington and a master’s degree in public health from Harvard University. He is a lecturer in civil and environmental engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the litigation director of the National Environmental Law Center in Boston and Seattle.