This open access book systematically summarizes 30 years of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) management experience by the authors based on the following perspectives: the role and definition, unique features, the development process, key events at various stages, and practical experience in China's EIA. It presents an innovative conceptual framework for implementing EIA in China, and it further outlines a phased, hierarchical and strategic roadmap for EIA development in the Ecological Civilization Era.