Engineering Principles of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation

ANDREAS TOLK, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering at Old Dominion University. He supported the development of the discipline of modeling and simulation with his publications for a variety of modeling and simulation conferences as well as his contributions to various NATO research activities in the domains of combat modeling, command and control, and studies and analysis.

• Preface xiContributors xiiiBiographies xviiAcknowledgments xxviiAbbreviations xxix1. Challenges of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation 1Andreas TolkPart I Foundations2. Applicable Codes of Ethics 25Andreas Tolk3. The NATO Code of Best Practice for Command and Control Assessment 33Andreas Tolk4. Terms and Application Domains 55Andreas Tolk5. Scenario Elements 79Andreas TolkPart II Combat Modeling6. Modeling the Environment 95Andreas Tolk7. Modeling Movement 113Andreas Tolk8. Modeling Sensing 127Andreas Tolk9. Modeling Effects 145Andreas Tolk10. Modeling Communications, Command, and Control 171Andreas TolkPart III Distributed Simulation11. Challenges of Distributed Simulation 187Andreas Tolk12. Standards for Distributed Simulation 209Andreas Tolk13. Modeling and Simulation Development and Preparation Processes 243Andreas Tolk14. Verification and Validation 263Andreas Tolk15. Integration of M&S Solutions into the Operational Environment 295Andreas TolkPart IV Advanced Topics16. History of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation 331Margaret L. Loper and Charles Turnitsa17. Serious Games, Virtual Worlds, and Interactive Digital Worlds 357Roger D. Smith18. Mathematical Applications for Combat Modeling 385Patrick T. Hester and Andrew Collins19. Combat Modeling with the High Level Architecture and Base Object Models 413Mikel D. Petty and Paul Gustavson20. The Test and Training Enabling Architecture (TENA) 449Edward T. Powell and J. Russell Noseworthy21. Combat Modeling using the DEVS Formalism 479Tag Gon Kim and Il-Chul Moon22. GIS Data for Combat Modeling 511David Lashlee, Joe Bricio, Robert Holcomb, and William T. Richards23. Modeling Tactical Data Links 537Joe Sorroche24. Standards-Based Combat Simulation Initialization using the Military Scenario Definition Language (MSDL) 579Robert L. Wittman Jr25. Multi-Resolution Combat Modeling 607Mikel D. Petty, Robert W. Franceschini, and James Panagos26. New Challenges: Human, Social, Cultural, and Behavioral Modeling 641S. K. Numrich and P. M. Picucci27. Agent Directed Simulation for Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation 669Gnana K. Bharathy, Levent Yilmaz, and Andreas Tolk28. Uncertainty Representation and Reasoning for Combat Models 715Paulo C. G. Costa, Heber Herencia-Zapana, and Kathryn Laskey29. Model-Based Data Engineering for Distributed Simulations 747Saikou Y. Diallo30. Federated Simulation for System of Systems Engineering 765Robert H. Kewley and Marc Wood31. The Role of Architecture Frameworks in Simulation Models: The Human View Approach 811Holly A. H. Handley32. Multinational Computer Assisted Exercises 825Erdal CayirciAnnex 1: M&S Organizations/Associations 841Salim Chemlal and Tuncer ÖrenAnnex 2: Military Simulation Systems 851José J. PadillaIndex 869

“Tolk and his coauthors have extensive experience in this area, making this volume a standard reference for researchers engaged in combat modeling. The complexity of the domain, the consequences of error, and the prohibitive cost of direct experimentation are as great in combat modeling as in any other problem area, making this volume a valuable source of examples and techniques for modelers in other areas that are highly complex, consequential, and inaccessible by direct experiment."  (Computing Reviews, 1 October 2012)