Dr. John Higgins is a Harvard-trained cardiologist who is passionate about treating patients and engaging in community outreach to advocate for a heart-healthy lifestyle. He is frequently featured on various television and radio interviews and is an 8-time winner of the UT system Dean’s Teaching Award. His research includes (1) Screening athletes (2) Energy drinks (3) Smartphone Apps & Activity Trackers (4) Teaching young children first-aid. John is the author of three books for those practicing or interested in the medical field, including Cardiology Clinical Questions published by McGraw Hill, Smartphone Apps for Health and Wellness published by Elsevier, as well as the children’s picture book series Marvelous Maxx Dr. Joshua Hahn is a Fellow of Cardiovascular Medicine at UT Health and the McGovern Medical School. He attended medical school at Texas Tech and completed his residency at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. Hahn plans to practice as an interventional cardiologist at the end of his fellowship in 2025. He has published over a dozen papers in a variety of medical journals.

• 1. Introduction2. What are Energy Drinks?3. How are Sports Drinks and Soft Drinks Different from Energy Drinks?4. Demographics and Consumption Patterns5. Marketing and Economics of Energy Drinks6. What are Energy Shots?7. Composition of Energy Drinks8. Performance Effects of Energy Drinks9. Cautions: Non-cardiovascular Adverse Effects Associated with Energy Drinks10. Cautions: Cardiovascular Adverse Effects Associated with Energy Drinks11. Cautions: The Rising Public Health Issue of Energy Drinks12. Recommendations for Consumption13. Conclusion

Dr. John Higgins is a Harvard-trained cardiologist who is passionate about treating patients and engaging in community outreach to advocate for a heart-healthy lifestyle. He is frequently featured on various television and radio interviews and is an 8-time winner of the UT system Dean’s Teaching Award. His research includes (1) Screening athletes (2) Energy drinks (3) Smartphone Apps & Activity Trackers (4) Teaching young children first-aid. John is the author of three books for those practicing or interested in the medical field, including Cardiology Clinical Questions published by McGraw Hill, Smartphone Apps for Health and Wellness published by Elsevier, as well as the children’s picture book series Marvelous Maxx Dr. Joshua Hahn is a Fellow of Cardiovascular Medicine at UT Health and the McGovern Medical School. He attended medical school at Texas Tech and completed his residency at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. Hahn plans to practice as an interventional cardiologist at the end of his fellowship in 2025. He has published over a dozen papers in a variety of medical journals.

• 1. Introduction2. What are Energy Drinks?3. How are Sports Drinks and Soft Drinks Different from Energy Drinks?4. Demographics and Consumption Patterns5. Marketing and Economics of Energy Drinks6. What are Energy Shots?7. Composition of Energy Drinks8. Performance Effects of Energy Drinks9. Cautions: Non-cardiovascular Adverse Effects Associated with Energy Drinks10. Cautions: Cardiovascular Adverse Effects Associated with Energy Drinks11. Cautions: The Rising Public Health Issue of Energy Drinks12. Recommendations for Consumption13. Conclusion

Dr. John Higgins is a Harvard-trained cardiologist who is passionate about treating patients and engaging in community outreach to advocate for a heart-healthy lifestyle. He is frequently featured on various television and radio interviews and is an 8-time winner of the UT system Dean’s Teaching Award. His research includes (1) Screening athletes (2) Energy drinks (3) Smartphone Apps & Activity Trackers (4) Teaching young children first-aid. John is the author of three books for those practicing or interested in the medical field, including Cardiology Clinical Questions published by McGraw Hill, Smartphone Apps for Health and Wellness published by Elsevier, as well as the children’s picture book series Marvelous Maxx Dr. Joshua Hahn is a Fellow of Cardiovascular Medicine at UT Health and the McGovern Medical School. He attended medical school at Texas Tech and completed his residency at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. Hahn plans to practice as an interventional cardiologist at the end of his fellowship in 2025. He has published over a dozen papers in a variety of medical journals.

• 1. Introduction2. What are Energy Drinks?3. How are Sports Drinks and Soft Drinks Different from Energy Drinks?4. Demographics and Consumption Patterns5. Marketing and Economics of Energy Drinks6. What are Energy Shots?7. Composition of Energy Drinks8. Performance Effects of Energy Drinks9. Cautions: Non-cardiovascular Adverse Effects Associated with Energy Drinks10. Cautions: Cardiovascular Adverse Effects Associated with Energy Drinks11. Cautions: The Rising Public Health Issue of Energy Drinks12. Recommendations for Consumption13. Conclusion