This book focuses on the hotspots and frontier issues of China’s energy and critical mineral security strategy, aiming to develop a general framework to understand the new security landscape of constructing a modern energy system and accelerating the low-carbon transition. It attempts to sketch out the core issues of energy and critical mineral security in China’s current and future low-carbon transition process and then bring forward a combination of theoretical and empirical analysis on the essential issues. This book ranges from general discussions of current essential issues in China’s energy and critical mineral security to quantitative analysis of key themes, combining the strategy and planning of resource sectors with the practical experience of the energy and mining industry. It aims to present an overview of energy and critical mineral security in China’s low-carbon transition, facilitating the demands for both academic research and policy-making. While the materials can provide useful knowledge to policymakers, the book can also inspire new research ideas in the relevant area.