Enemy on the Euphrates

Ian Rutledge is an economist and historian. A graduate of the University of Cambridge where he received his PhD in Economic History, Rutledge is Research Director and co-founder of the Sheffield Energy Resources Information Services. He has taught at the Universities of London and Sheffield and for the Workers' Educational Association. His other publications include 'Addicted to Oil: America's Relentless Drive for Energy Security'.

• List of Illustrations List of Maps Note on Arabic Transliteration Glossary Abbreviations Preface The Principal Actors PART ONE: INVASION, JIHAD AND OCCUPATION 1 Indications of Oil 2 Lieutenant Wilson's First Mission 3 'Protect the oil refineries' 4 Arab Mobilisation on the Euphrates 5 The Jihad Defeated 6 Pacifying Arabistan 7 Imperial Objectives in the East 8 The Menace of Jihad and How to Deal with It 9 The Lieutenant from Mosul 10 The Peculiar Origins of an Infamous Agreement 11 Two British Defeats but a New Ally 12 Colonel Leachman and Captain Lawrence 13 Mosul and Oil 14 'Complete liberation' 15 Najaf 1918: First Uprising on the Euphrates 16 Britain's New Colony 17 The Oil Agreements 18 The Independence Movement in Baghdad 19 General Haldane's Difficult Posting 20 Trouble on the Frontiers PART TWO: REVOLUTION AND SUPPRESSION 21 The Drift to Violence 22 The Revolution Begins 23 Discord and Disputation 24 General Haldane's Indian Army 25 'The situation has come to a head' 26 The Destruction of the Manchester Column 27 'Further unfavourable developments' 28 The Structures of Insurgent Power 29 Trouble on the Home Front 30 The Siege of Samawa 31 Defeat 32 A Death on the Baghdad Road 33 The Punishment 34 A 'friendly native state' Afterword Appendix: Some Biographical Notes Acknowledgements Notes Bibliography Image Credits Index

'This brilliant book reveals the folly and delusion of invading Iraq. Read it and shudder' Nicholas Rankin, author of Churchill's Wizards: The British Genius for Deception 'The description of the military campaign is masterful - maintains a high level of suspense' Peter Sluglett, author of Britain in Iraq: Contriving King and Country 'Material with acute relevance to the crisis now tearing Iraq to pieces.' Robert Fisk, Independent 'Readers will find plenty of food for thought in Ian Rutledge's well-crafted and lively account ... The scenarios of occupation, foreign rule, jihad, resistance and counter-insurgency it depicts are unmistakably familiar, a reminder of the political instability and bloodshed that have tarnished Iraq since the 2003 US invasion - While offering abundant detail on military operations, lines of communications and warfare tactics, 'Enemy on the Euphrates' also makes for a very lively and human-centred read of imperial history ... Rutledge's account displays a novelist's taste for intrigue, espionage, gunboat diplomacy, personal hardship and murder.' BBC History Magazine 'An excellently produced book that admirably succeeds in illuminating an important episode in British imperial history' History Today 'Rutledge does an excellent job of conveying the logistical difficulties confronting any military leadership ... deserving of a wide readership' Middle East Journal 'As the legions of ISIS set up their proto-Caliphate in Iraq, the word 'prescience' comes forcibly to mind.' The Oldie 'A timely reminder of how we got here - an important book' The National 'Thought provoking - I like to think this book might find a place on the shelves of the libraries of the RUSI, Sandhurst or West Point' War History Online 'A readable and very useful contribution to the understanding of modern Iraq' Middle East Media and Book Reviews Online 'Eye-opening, fascinating and brilliantly-written - Excellent' The Long, Long Trail: The British Army in the Great War of 1914-1918, 'Compelling, rich with such colourful personalities as Winston Churchill, Gertrude Bell and T. E. Lawrence' Saudi Aramco World 'Much of Enemy on the Euphrates reads like a great adventure story, proving how fascinating real history can be ... a rare combination of in-depth information, fairness of analysis and readability, reinforced by excellent maps.' Jordan Times 'Timely and rich in detail - highly readable, lively and dramatic. [Rutledge] presents fascinating accounts of the main British and Iraqi personalities involved in the narrative and the conflicts that sometimes erupted between them' al-Hayat 'Anyone seeking an understanding of the role of oil in shaping modern Middle Eastern history will want to read this book' Michael Klare, author of The Race for What's Left: The Global Scramble for the World's Last Resources 'It vividly captures how the ground was prepared for much of the violence in today's Middle East ... A rewarding read ... [Rutledge] writes with the literary skill of a novelist who has the analytical mind of a social scientist. Enemy on the Euphrates is full of multidimensional character studies and we are provided with insight into all the major players, from Churchill to Hussein bin Ali and Gertrude Bell to General Haldane ... This is a story of imperial arrogance and plunder, and the inevitable reaction that it generates. There are many lessons here that, had they been taken on board earlier, could have prevented much of the folly of the last 15 years.' LSE Review of Books