This book presents a concise synthesis of the current knowledge and recent advances in the structure, organization and functional role of the cytoskeleton in endothelial cells. Particular attention has been given to the different features of the regulation of vascular function mediated by the endothelium. Since cytoskeleton is a scaffolding element that regulates the architecture of the cell and additionally controls several fundamental aspects of intracellular signaling, this book will serve as a comprehensive resource for those interested in these fascinating biological processes associated with vascular biology. The book has been divided into two major sections: general aspects of the endothelial cytoskeleton and the role of the role of the endothelial cytoskeleton in different functions of the vascular wall.