Ashraf F. Fouad, DDS, MS, is Freedland Distinguished Professor and Chair in the Department of Endodontics at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

• Contributors ixPreface xiPreface to the First Edition xiii1 Microbial Perspectives in the Twenty-First Century 1William Wade2 Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Global Impact of Endodontic Infections 11Dag Ørstavik3 Microbiology of Dental Caries and Dentinal Tubule Infection 25Robert M. Love and Anne C.R. Tanner4 Culture-Based Analysis of Endodontic Infections 51Gunnar Dahlén5 Molecular Analysis of Endodontic Infections 81José F. Siqueira, Jr, and Isabela N. Rôças6 Extraradicular Endodontic Infections 129Brenda P. F. A. Gomes and Ericka T. Pinheiro7 Virulence of Endodontic Bacterial Pathogens 149Christine Sedgley8 Viruses in Endodontic Pathosis 179Mohamed Sabeti9 Fungi in Endodontic Infections 197Bilge Hakan Sen and B. Güniz Baksi10 Severe Head and Neck Infections 231Jaime S. Brahim and Robert A. Ord11 Endodontic Infections and Pain 251Anibal Diogenes and Ken M. Hargreaves12 Systemic Antibiotics in Endodontic Infections 269Ashraf F. Fouad13 Topical Antimicrobials in Endodontics 287Anil Kishen14 Endodontic Infections in Incompletely Developed Teeth 311George T.J. Huang, Domenico Ricucci, and Louis M. Lin15 Prognosis of Healing in Treated Teeth with Endodontic Infections 341Shimon Friedman16 Endodontic Infections and Systemic Disease 385Ashraf F. FouadGlossary 409Index 413