Endocrine and Metabolic Medical Emergencies

Professor Glenn Matfin, MSc (Oxon), MB ChB, FACE, FACP, FRCP, is a Consultant Physician in Acute and General Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology in the UK National Health Service; and Professor of Medicine, MBRU College of Medicine, Dubai, UAE.

• Notes on Contributors xForeword xvPreface xviList of Abbreviations xviiiPart I General Aspects of AcuteMedical Emergencies 1Introduction: AcuteMedical Care: A Crisis with Solutions 3GlennMatfin1 Early Management of AcuteMedical Emergencies 10Paul J. Frost and Matt P.WisePart II General Endocrine and Metabolic Aspects of Acute and Critical Illness 21Introduction: Endocrine Testing and Responses in Acute and Critical Illness 23David B. Sacks2 Endocrine Testing in Acute and Critical Illness 28Reza Morovat3 Endocrine Responses to Critical Illness: Novel Insights and Therapeutic Implications 60Jan Gunst, Eva Boonen, and Greet Van den BerghePart III Special Populations 834 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Pregnancy 85Anita Banerjee and CatherineWilliamson5 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Inherited Metabolic Diseases: Acute Presentations in Adulthood 98Elaine Murphy and Robin H. Lachmann6 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Transitional Care 110Mabel Yau andMark A. Sperling7Emergency Perioperative Diabetes and Endocrine Management 129Glenn Matfin, Kate Evans, and Ketan Dhatariya8 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in HIV/AIDS 151Katherine Samaras9 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Late-Effects Patients: Consequences of Cancer Therapy 160Helena Gleeson and Andrew Toogood10 Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies in Transplantation 171Robert A. Wermers and Pankaj Shah11 Endocrine and Metabolic Changes with Aging: Endocrin-Aging: Recognizing and Managing Care in Older Frail Persons 182Angela M. Abbatecola and John E.MorleyPart IV Pituitary Disorders 195Introduction: Emergency Management of Pituitary Disorders 197Edward R. Laws and Ursula B. Kaiser12 Hypopituitarism 203Nicholas A. Tritos and Anne Klibanski13 Pituitary Apoplexy 218Claire Briet and Philippe Chanson14 Macroprolactinomas 231Mark E. MolitchPart V Thyroid Disorders 243Introduction: Emergency Management of Thyroid Disorders 245Hossein Gharib15 Myxedema Coma 252Natasha Kasid and James V. Hennessey16 Life-Threatening Thyrotoxicosis: Thyroid Storm and Adverse Effects of Antithyroid Drugs 262Alicia L.Warnock, David S. Cooper, and Henry B. Burch17 Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis 284Fausto Bogazzi, Luca Tomisti, Luigi Bartalena, and Enio Martino18 Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis 296Mark Vanderpump19 Sight-Threatening Graves’Orbitopathy 305Rebecca S. Bahn and James A. GarrityPart VI Adrenal Disorders 313Introduction: Emergency Management of Adrenal Disorders 315Anand Vaidya20 Acute Adrenal Insufficiency 321Glenn Matfin21 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Florid Cushing’s Syndrome 345Krystallenia I. Alexandraki and Ashley B. Grossman22 Endocrine Hypertensive Emergencies 355Graeme Eisenhofer, Andrzej Januszewicz, Christina Pamporaki, and Jacques W. M. LendersPart VII Calcium, Phosphate, and Metabolic Bone Diseases 375Introduction: Emergency Management of Calcium, Phosphate, and Metabolic Bone Diseases 377John P. Bilezikian23 Hypocalcemia 380Glenn Matfin24 Hypercalcemia 400Glenn Matfin25 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Phosphate Disorders 422Anda R. Gonciulea and Suzanne M. Jan de Beur26 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Osteoporosis and Its Therapy 433Dima L. Diab and Nelson B.Watts27 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Paget’s Disease of Bone 447Ethel S. Siris and Dorothy A. Fink28 Acute Medical Aspects Related to Kidney Stones 454Hasan Fattah and David S. GoldfarbPart VIII Neuroendocrine Tumors 465Introduction: Emergency Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors 467Kjell Oberg29 Acute Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies Related to Neuroendocrine Tumors 472Gregory Kaltsas, Krystallenia I. Alexandraki, and Ashley B. GrossmanPart IX Glucose Disorders 485Introduction: Emergency Management of Glucose Disorders 487Gerry Rayman30 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia in Non-Critical Care Hospital Settings 491Rodolfo J. Galindo and Guillermo E. Umpierrez31 Hypoglycemia 506Elizabeth M. Lamos, Lisa M. Younk, and Stephen N. Davis32 Severe Hyperglycemia, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State 531Ketan Dhatariya and GlennMatfin33 Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy in Patients with Newly Presenting Type Diabetes 548Wen Xu, David Owens, and JianpingWeng34 Management of Concentrated Insulins in Acute Care Settings 560Nuha El Sayed, Megan J. Ritter, and Alissa R. Segal35 Management of Insulin Pumps in Hospitalized Patients 571Bithika M. Thompson, Patricia A. Mackey, and Curtiss B. Cook36 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia during Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition 584Aidar R. Gosmanov and Niyaz R. Gosmanov37 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Patients with Renal Insufficiency 598Glenn Matfin38 Management of Glucocorticoid-Induced Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia 616Han Na Kim and NestorasMathioudakis39 Management of Diabetes and/or Hyperglycemia in Acute Coronary Syndrome, Acute Stroke, and Acute Heart Failure 632Miles Fisher40 Acute Diabetic Foot 648Glenn MatfinPart X Sodium Disorders 673Introduction: Emergency Management of Sodium Disorders 675Richard H. Sterns41 Emergency Management of Acute and Chronic Hyponatremia 679Joseph G. Verbalis42 Emergency Management of Acute and Chronic Hypernatremia 700Aoife Garrahy and Christopher ThompsonPart XI Obesity and Clinical Lipidology 717Introduction: Emergency Management Related to Obesity and Clinical Lipidology 719Robert H. Eckel43 Acute Emergencies Related to Bariatric Surgery 723Michael A. Via and Jeffrey I. Mechanick44 Chylomicronemia Syndrome: Very Severe Hypertriglyceridemia and Acute Pancreatitis 742Anthony S. Wierzbicki45 Statin-Related Myopathy and Rhabdomyolysis 760Connie B. Newman and Jonathan A. TobertIndex 775

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