Michael Whitby is pro-vice-chancellor and head of the College of Arts and Law at the University of Birmingham, UK. He has also taught at the University of St. Andrews and the University of Warwick. He has written extensively on the history and historiography of the East Roman empire in the fifth to seventh centuries AD. Most recently, he has co-authored How to Win on the Battlefield: The 25 Key Tactics of All Time (2010) and co-edited The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare (2007). Harry Sidebottom is a lecturer in ancient history at Lincoln College, University of Oxford, UK, and previously held a fellowship at St. Benet's Hall, University of Oxford. Since 2003 he has been a regular reviewer of fiction, especially historical novels, in the Times Literary Supplement. He is the author of Ancient Warfare: A Very Short Introduction (2004) as well as Iron and Rust (2014), The Amber Road (2013), and five other novels in the Warrior of Rome series, which is set in the Roman empire during the so-called Great Crisis of the third century AD.

• Part I General Topics1. Ancient Naval Warfare, 700 BC–AD 600Boris Rankov2. Ancient Siege Warfare, 700 BC–AD 645Harry Sidebottom3. War and Battle in the Greek World, 800–168 BCBarry Strauss 4. War and Battle in the Roman World, 700 BC–AD 235Paul ErdkampPart II Archaic Greece and the Near East5. The Lelantine War, c.700 or c.540 BCHans van Wees6. The Rise of Achaemenid Persia, 550–525 BCMaria Brosius7. Early Greek Wars, 750–450 BCHans van Wees8. The Ionian Revolt, 498–494 BCMaria Brosius9. The Persian Wars, 492–450 BCChristopher Hassan and Maria BrosiusPart III The Classical Greek World10. The First Peloponnesian War, 460–446 BCFernando Echeverría11. Latin, Etruscan, Aequian, Volsci, and Gallic Wars, 499–340 BCTim Cornell12. The Second Peloponnesian War, 431–404 BCFernando Echeverría13. The Anabasis and the Ten Thousand, 401–399 BCMatthew Trundle14. The Corinthian War, 395–387 BCMatthew Trundle15. Fourth-Century BC Greek WarsMatthew Trundle16. Carthaginian Offensives in Sicily, 409–307 BCMatthew Trundle17. Campaigns of Thebes, 379–362 BCS³awomir SprawskiPart IV The Macedonian Age and the Rise of Rome18. The “Samnite Wars,” 343–290 BCTim Cornell19. The Rise of Macedon, 359–336 BCEdward Anson20. Greeks in Italy, 342–303 BCMichael Whitby21. The Revolt of Agis, 333–331 BCMichael Whitby22. Campaigns of Alexander the Great, 336–323 BCIan Worthington23. The Lamian War, 323–322 BCS³awomir Sprawski24. The Wars of the Successors, 323–281 BCEdward Anson25. The Campaigns of Pyrrhus, 282–272 BCJeremy Armstrong26. The First Punic War and After, 264–237 BCArthur Eckstein27. Dynastic Wars, 260–145 BCPaul McKechnie28. Inter-Greek Wars of the Third Century BCPaul McKechnie29. The Illyrian Wars, 229–219 BCPaul Erdkamp30. The Gallic Wars, Northern Italy, 225–222 BCLouis Rawlings31. The Second Punic War, 220–202 BCEddie Owens32. The Roman Conquest of Cisalpine Gaul, 201–191 BCLouis Rawlings33. The First Macedonian War, 215–205 BCPaul Erdkamp34. Philopoemen in the Peloponnese, 221–192 BCPaul McKechnie35. The Second Macedonian War, 200–197 BCPaul Erdkamp36. The War against Antiochus III, 191–188 BCPaul Erdkamp37. The Third Macedonian War, 171–168 BCPaul Erdkamp38. The Maccabean War, 167–161 BCMichael Whitby39. The Third Punic War, 149–146 BCDexter Hoyos40. The Andriscus Uprising and the Achaean War, 149–146 BCPaul ErdkampPart V The Imperial Roman Republic 84541. The Rise of Parthia, C. 250–C. 92 BCHarry Sidebottom42. The Numantine War, 154–133 BCDexter Hoyos43. The Jugurthine War, 112–105 BCDexter Hoyos44. The Roman Conquest of Southern Gaul, 125–121 BCLouis Rawlings45. Campaigns against Pirates, 103–67 BCPhilip Matyszak46. The Social War, 91–87 BCPhilip Matyszak47. The Mithridatic Wars, 89–66 BCPhilip Matyszak48. Marius versus Sulla, 83–82 BCPhilip Matyszak49. Campaigns against Sertorius, 81–72 BCPhilip Matyszak50. Spartacus and the Slave Revolts, 133–71 BCPhilip Matyszak51. The Battle of Pistoia, 62 BCRichard Marshall52. The Gallic Wars, 61–51 BCLouis Rawlings53. Invasions of Britain, 55 and 54 BCLouis Rawlings54. The Battle of Carrhae, 53 BCMichael Whitby55. Pompey versus Caesar, 49–45 BCStephen MatthewsPart VI Early Imperial Rome56. The Second Triumvirate, 43–31 BCStephen Matthews57. Campaigns in Pannonia, 35 BC–AD 9Brian Campbell58. German Campaigns, 55 BC–AD 16Brian Campbell59. The Conquest of Britain, 43–87Brian Campbell60. Campaigns in Armenia, 58–66Brian Campbell61. The Jewish Revolt, 66Brian Campbell62. The Year of the Four Emperors, 69Brian Campbell63. The Dacian Wars, 84–106Harry SidebottomPart VII Roman Imperial Triumph and Challenges64. Trajan’s Parthian War, 113–117Jonathan P. Roth65. The Battle of Aelia, 133–135Jonathan P. Roth66. Lucius Verus and the East, 161–165Jonathan P. Roth67. Marcus Aurelius and Europe, c. 165–180Jonathan P. Roth68. The Civil Wars of 193–195Jonathan P. Roth69. The Severan Campaigns, 194–235Jonathan P. Roth70. The Rise of the Sasanids and the Battle of Hormizdagan, 224Udo Hartmann71. The Third-Century “Crisis”Udo HartmannPart VIII The Late Roman Empire72. The Tetrarchy, 284–305Udo Hartmann73. The Rise of Constantine, 306–324Mark Humphries74. The Fourth-Century Roman Empire: InternalMark Humphries75. The Fourth-Century Roman Empire: WestMark Humphries76. The Fourth-Century Roman Empire: PersiaDoug Lee77. The Goths and the Romans, 376–378Doug LeePart IX Challenges to Empire 113578. Alaric and Italy, 401–410Mark Humphries79. Italy in the Fifth CenturyMark Humphries80. Gaul and Spain in the Fifth CenturyMark Humphries81. The Vandals in Spain and Africa, 422–468Mark Humphries82. Attila and the Huns, 442–455Michael Whitby83. Theoderic and the Goths, 476–492Michael WhitbyPart X The Eastern Roman Empire84. The Eastern Roman Empire: Internal, 450–610Doug Lee85. Anastasius and Persia, 502–506Michael Whitby86. Justinian and Persia, 527–562Michael Whitby87. Justinian and Africa, 533–548Alexander Sarantis88. Justinian and Italy, 535–554Michael Whitby89. The Early Sixth-Century Balkan WarsAlexander Sarantis90. The Persian Wars, 572–591Michael WhitbyPart XI From the Roman Empire to the Byzantine Empire91. The Lombard Conquest of Italy, 569–572Alexander Sarantis92. The Avars and the Slavs, 570–626Michael Whitby93. The Persian Wars, 602–628James D. Howard-Johnston94. Islamic Conquests, 622–645James D. Howard-Johnston

Michael Whitby is pro-vice-chancellor and head of the College of Arts and Law at the University of Birmingham, UK. He has also taught at the University of St. Andrews and the University of Warwick. He has written extensively on the history and historiography of the East Roman empire in the fifth to seventh centuries AD. Most recently, he has co-authored How to Win on the Battlefield: The 25 Key Tactics of All Time (2010) and co-edited The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare (2007). Harry Sidebottom is a lecturer in ancient history at Lincoln College, University of Oxford, UK, and previously held a fellowship at St. Benet's Hall, University of Oxford. Since 2003 he has been a regular reviewer of fiction, especially historical novels, in the Times Literary Supplement. He is the author of Ancient Warfare: A Very Short Introduction (2004) as well as Iron and Rust (2014), The Amber Road (2013), and five other novels in the Warrior of Rome series, which is set in the Roman empire during the so-called Great Crisis of the third century AD.

• Part I General Topics1. Ancient Naval Warfare, 700 BC–AD 600Boris Rankov2. Ancient Siege Warfare, 700 BC–AD 645Harry Sidebottom3. War and Battle in the Greek World, 800–168 BCBarry Strauss 4. War and Battle in the Roman World, 700 BC–AD 235Paul ErdkampPart II Archaic Greece and the Near East5. The Lelantine War, c.700 or c.540 BCHans van Wees6. The Rise of Achaemenid Persia, 550–525 BCMaria Brosius7. Early Greek Wars, 750–450 BCHans van Wees8. The Ionian Revolt, 498–494 BCMaria Brosius9. The Persian Wars, 492–450 BCChristopher Hassan and Maria BrosiusPart III The Classical Greek World10. The First Peloponnesian War, 460–446 BCFernando Echeverría11. Latin, Etruscan, Aequian, Volsci, and Gallic Wars, 499–340 BCTim Cornell12. The Second Peloponnesian War, 431–404 BCFernando Echeverría13. The Anabasis and the Ten Thousand, 401–399 BCMatthew Trundle14. The Corinthian War, 395–387 BCMatthew Trundle15. Fourth-Century BC Greek WarsMatthew Trundle16. Carthaginian Offensives in Sicily, 409–307 BCMatthew Trundle17. Campaigns of Thebes, 379–362 BCS³awomir SprawskiPart IV The Macedonian Age and the Rise of Rome18. The “Samnite Wars,” 343–290 BCTim Cornell19. The Rise of Macedon, 359–336 BCEdward Anson20. Greeks in Italy, 342–303 BCMichael Whitby21. The Revolt of Agis, 333–331 BCMichael Whitby22. Campaigns of Alexander the Great, 336–323 BCIan Worthington23. The Lamian War, 323–322 BCS³awomir Sprawski24. The Wars of the Successors, 323–281 BCEdward Anson25. The Campaigns of Pyrrhus, 282–272 BCJeremy Armstrong26. The First Punic War and After, 264–237 BCArthur Eckstein27. Dynastic Wars, 260–145 BCPaul McKechnie28. Inter-Greek Wars of the Third Century BCPaul McKechnie29. The Illyrian Wars, 229–219 BCPaul Erdkamp30. The Gallic Wars, Northern Italy, 225–222 BCLouis Rawlings31. The Second Punic War, 220–202 BCEddie Owens32. The Roman Conquest of Cisalpine Gaul, 201–191 BCLouis Rawlings33. The First Macedonian War, 215–205 BCPaul Erdkamp34. Philopoemen in the Peloponnese, 221–192 BCPaul McKechnie35. The Second Macedonian War, 200–197 BCPaul Erdkamp36. The War against Antiochus III, 191–188 BCPaul Erdkamp37. The Third Macedonian War, 171–168 BCPaul Erdkamp38. The Maccabean War, 167–161 BCMichael Whitby39. The Third Punic War, 149–146 BCDexter Hoyos40. The Andriscus Uprising and the Achaean War, 149–146 BCPaul ErdkampPart V The Imperial Roman Republic 84541. The Rise of Parthia, C. 250–C. 92 BCHarry Sidebottom42. The Numantine War, 154–133 BCDexter Hoyos43. The Jugurthine War, 112–105 BCDexter Hoyos44. The Roman Conquest of Southern Gaul, 125–121 BCLouis Rawlings45. Campaigns against Pirates, 103–67 BCPhilip Matyszak46. The Social War, 91–87 BCPhilip Matyszak47. The Mithridatic Wars, 89–66 BCPhilip Matyszak48. Marius versus Sulla, 83–82 BCPhilip Matyszak49. Campaigns against Sertorius, 81–72 BCPhilip Matyszak50. Spartacus and the Slave Revolts, 133–71 BCPhilip Matyszak51. The Battle of Pistoia, 62 BCRichard Marshall52. The Gallic Wars, 61–51 BCLouis Rawlings53. Invasions of Britain, 55 and 54 BCLouis Rawlings54. The Battle of Carrhae, 53 BCMichael Whitby55. Pompey versus Caesar, 49–45 BCStephen MatthewsPart VI Early Imperial Rome56. The Second Triumvirate, 43–31 BCStephen Matthews57. Campaigns in Pannonia, 35 BC–AD 9Brian Campbell58. German Campaigns, 55 BC–AD 16Brian Campbell59. The Conquest of Britain, 43–87Brian Campbell60. Campaigns in Armenia, 58–66Brian Campbell61. The Jewish Revolt, 66Brian Campbell62. The Year of the Four Emperors, 69Brian Campbell63. The Dacian Wars, 84–106Harry SidebottomPart VII Roman Imperial Triumph and Challenges64. Trajan’s Parthian War, 113–117Jonathan P. Roth65. The Battle of Aelia, 133–135Jonathan P. Roth66. Lucius Verus and the East, 161–165Jonathan P. Roth67. Marcus Aurelius and Europe, c. 165–180Jonathan P. Roth68. The Civil Wars of 193–195Jonathan P. Roth69. The Severan Campaigns, 194–235Jonathan P. Roth70. The Rise of the Sasanids and the Battle of Hormizdagan, 224Udo Hartmann71. The Third-Century “Crisis”Udo HartmannPart VIII The Late Roman Empire72. The Tetrarchy, 284–305Udo Hartmann73. The Rise of Constantine, 306–324Mark Humphries74. The Fourth-Century Roman Empire: InternalMark Humphries75. The Fourth-Century Roman Empire: WestMark Humphries76. The Fourth-Century Roman Empire: PersiaDoug Lee77. The Goths and the Romans, 376–378Doug LeePart IX Challenges to Empire 113578. Alaric and Italy, 401–410Mark Humphries79. Italy in the Fifth CenturyMark Humphries80. Gaul and Spain in the Fifth CenturyMark Humphries81. The Vandals in Spain and Africa, 422–468Mark Humphries82. Attila and the Huns, 442–455Michael Whitby83. Theoderic and the Goths, 476–492Michael WhitbyPart X The Eastern Roman Empire84. The Eastern Roman Empire: Internal, 450–610Doug Lee85. Anastasius and Persia, 502–506Michael Whitby86. Justinian and Persia, 527–562Michael Whitby87. Justinian and Africa, 533–548Alexander Sarantis88. Justinian and Italy, 535–554Michael Whitby89. The Early Sixth-Century Balkan WarsAlexander Sarantis90. The Persian Wars, 572–591Michael WhitbyPart XI From the Roman Empire to the Byzantine Empire91. The Lombard Conquest of Italy, 569–572Alexander Sarantis92. The Avars and the Slavs, 570–626Michael Whitby93. The Persian Wars, 602–628James D. Howard-Johnston94. Islamic Conquests, 622–645James D. Howard-Johnston

Michael Whitby is pro-vice-chancellor and head of the College of Arts and Law at the University of Birmingham, UK. He has also taught at the University of St. Andrews and the University of Warwick. He has written extensively on the history and historiography of the East Roman empire in the fifth to seventh centuries AD. Most recently, he has co-authored How to Win on the Battlefield: The 25 Key Tactics of All Time (2010) and co-edited The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare (2007). Harry Sidebottom is a lecturer in ancient history at Lincoln College, University of Oxford, UK, and previously held a fellowship at St. Benet's Hall, University of Oxford. Since 2003 he has been a regular reviewer of fiction, especially historical novels, in the Times Literary Supplement. He is the author of Ancient Warfare: A Very Short Introduction (2004) as well as Iron and Rust (2014), The Amber Road (2013), and five other novels in the Warrior of Rome series, which is set in the Roman empire during the so-called Great Crisis of the third century AD.

• Part I General Topics1. Ancient Naval Warfare, 700 BC–AD 600Boris Rankov2. Ancient Siege Warfare, 700 BC–AD 645Harry Sidebottom3. War and Battle in the Greek World, 800–168 BCBarry Strauss 4. War and Battle in the Roman World, 700 BC–AD 235Paul ErdkampPart II Archaic Greece and the Near East5. The Lelantine War, c.700 or c.540 BCHans van Wees6. The Rise of Achaemenid Persia, 550–525 BCMaria Brosius7. Early Greek Wars, 750–450 BCHans van Wees8. The Ionian Revolt, 498–494 BCMaria Brosius9. The Persian Wars, 492–450 BCChristopher Hassan and Maria BrosiusPart III The Classical Greek World10. The First Peloponnesian War, 460–446 BCFernando Echeverría11. Latin, Etruscan, Aequian, Volsci, and Gallic Wars, 499–340 BCTim Cornell12. The Second Peloponnesian War, 431–404 BCFernando Echeverría13. The Anabasis and the Ten Thousand, 401–399 BCMatthew Trundle14. The Corinthian War, 395–387 BCMatthew Trundle15. Fourth-Century BC Greek WarsMatthew Trundle16. Carthaginian Offensives in Sicily, 409–307 BCMatthew Trundle17. Campaigns of Thebes, 379–362 BCS³awomir SprawskiPart IV The Macedonian Age and the Rise of Rome18. The “Samnite Wars,” 343–290 BCTim Cornell19. The Rise of Macedon, 359–336 BCEdward Anson20. Greeks in Italy, 342–303 BCMichael Whitby21. The Revolt of Agis, 333–331 BCMichael Whitby22. Campaigns of Alexander the Great, 336–323 BCIan Worthington23. The Lamian War, 323–322 BCS³awomir Sprawski24. The Wars of the Successors, 323–281 BCEdward Anson25. The Campaigns of Pyrrhus, 282–272 BCJeremy Armstrong26. The First Punic War and After, 264–237 BCArthur Eckstein27. Dynastic Wars, 260–145 BCPaul McKechnie28. Inter-Greek Wars of the Third Century BCPaul McKechnie29. The Illyrian Wars, 229–219 BCPaul Erdkamp30. The Gallic Wars, Northern Italy, 225–222 BCLouis Rawlings31. The Second Punic War, 220–202 BCEddie Owens32. The Roman Conquest of Cisalpine Gaul, 201–191 BCLouis Rawlings33. The First Macedonian War, 215–205 BCPaul Erdkamp34. Philopoemen in the Peloponnese, 221–192 BCPaul McKechnie35. The Second Macedonian War, 200–197 BCPaul Erdkamp36. The War against Antiochus III, 191–188 BCPaul Erdkamp37. The Third Macedonian War, 171–168 BCPaul Erdkamp38. The Maccabean War, 167–161 BCMichael Whitby39. The Third Punic War, 149–146 BCDexter Hoyos40. The Andriscus Uprising and the Achaean War, 149–146 BCPaul ErdkampPart V The Imperial Roman Republic 84541. The Rise of Parthia, C. 250–C. 92 BCHarry Sidebottom42. The Numantine War, 154–133 BCDexter Hoyos43. The Jugurthine War, 112–105 BCDexter Hoyos44. The Roman Conquest of Southern Gaul, 125–121 BCLouis Rawlings45. Campaigns against Pirates, 103–67 BCPhilip Matyszak46. The Social War, 91–87 BCPhilip Matyszak47. The Mithridatic Wars, 89–66 BCPhilip Matyszak48. Marius versus Sulla, 83–82 BCPhilip Matyszak49. Campaigns against Sertorius, 81–72 BCPhilip Matyszak50. Spartacus and the Slave Revolts, 133–71 BCPhilip Matyszak51. The Battle of Pistoia, 62 BCRichard Marshall52. The Gallic Wars, 61–51 BCLouis Rawlings53. Invasions of Britain, 55 and 54 BCLouis Rawlings54. The Battle of Carrhae, 53 BCMichael Whitby55. Pompey versus Caesar, 49–45 BCStephen MatthewsPart VI Early Imperial Rome56. The Second Triumvirate, 43–31 BCStephen Matthews57. Campaigns in Pannonia, 35 BC–AD 9Brian Campbell58. German Campaigns, 55 BC–AD 16Brian Campbell59. The Conquest of Britain, 43–87Brian Campbell60. Campaigns in Armenia, 58–66Brian Campbell61. The Jewish Revolt, 66Brian Campbell62. The Year of the Four Emperors, 69Brian Campbell63. The Dacian Wars, 84–106Harry SidebottomPart VII Roman Imperial Triumph and Challenges64. Trajan’s Parthian War, 113–117Jonathan P. Roth65. The Battle of Aelia, 133–135Jonathan P. Roth66. Lucius Verus and the East, 161–165Jonathan P. Roth67. Marcus Aurelius and Europe, c. 165–180Jonathan P. Roth68. The Civil Wars of 193–195Jonathan P. Roth69. The Severan Campaigns, 194–235Jonathan P. Roth70. The Rise of the Sasanids and the Battle of Hormizdagan, 224Udo Hartmann71. The Third-Century “Crisis”Udo HartmannPart VIII The Late Roman Empire72. The Tetrarchy, 284–305Udo Hartmann73. The Rise of Constantine, 306–324Mark Humphries74. The Fourth-Century Roman Empire: InternalMark Humphries75. The Fourth-Century Roman Empire: WestMark Humphries76. The Fourth-Century Roman Empire: PersiaDoug Lee77. The Goths and the Romans, 376–378Doug LeePart IX Challenges to Empire 113578. Alaric and Italy, 401–410Mark Humphries79. Italy in the Fifth CenturyMark Humphries80. Gaul and Spain in the Fifth CenturyMark Humphries81. The Vandals in Spain and Africa, 422–468Mark Humphries82. Attila and the Huns, 442–455Michael Whitby83. Theoderic and the Goths, 476–492Michael WhitbyPart X The Eastern Roman Empire84. The Eastern Roman Empire: Internal, 450–610Doug Lee85. Anastasius and Persia, 502–506Michael Whitby86. Justinian and Persia, 527–562Michael Whitby87. Justinian and Africa, 533–548Alexander Sarantis88. Justinian and Italy, 535–554Michael Whitby89. The Early Sixth-Century Balkan WarsAlexander Sarantis90. The Persian Wars, 572–591Michael WhitbyPart XI From the Roman Empire to the Byzantine Empire91. The Lombard Conquest of Italy, 569–572Alexander Sarantis92. The Avars and the Slavs, 570–626Michael Whitby93. The Persian Wars, 602–628James D. Howard-Johnston94. Islamic Conquests, 622–645James D. Howard-Johnston