Encapsulation Nanotechnologies

Vikas Mittal is currently an assistant professor in the Chemical Engineering Department of The Petroleum Institute at Abu Dhabi. He obtained his PhD in 2006 from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland. He also worked as a polymer engineer at BASF Polymer Research in Ludwigshafen, Germany. His research interests include polymer nanocomposites, compatibilization of organic and inorganic materials, polymer colloids, thermal stability studies, and anti-corrosion coatings. He has published more than fifty journal publications and authored as well as edited several books on these subjects.

• Preface xiiiList of Contributors xvii1 Copper Encapsulation of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes 11.1 Introduction 21.2 Preparation of Copper Encapsulated CNTs 3References 372 Novel Nanocomposites: Intercalation of Ionically Conductive Polymers into Molybdic Acid 412.1 Introduction 412.2 Experimental 472.3 Intercalation into Molybdic Acid 482.4 Preparation of Polymer-Lithium Complexes 492.5 Instrumentation 502.6 Results and Discussion 512.7 Conclusions 68References 683 Fluid-Bed Technology for Encapsulation and Coating Purposes 713.1 Introduction 713.2 Principles of Fluidization 743.3 Classification of Powders 783.4 Fluidized Bed Coaters 803.5 Fluid-Bed Coating and Encapsulation Processes 883.6 The Design, Optimization and Scale-Up of the Coating Process and the Apparatus 943.7 Numerical Modeling of Fluid-Bed Coating 97References 1014 Use of Electrospinning for Encapsulation 1074.1 Introduction 1074.2 Electrospun Structures for the Encapsulation of Bioactive Substances in the Food Area 1124.3 Electrospun Encapsulation Structures for Biomedical Applications 1174.4 Other Uses of Electrospinning for Encapsulation 1244.5 Outlook and Conclusions 129References 1305 Microencapsulation by Interfacial Polymerization 1375.1 Introduction 1375.2 Generalities 1415.3 Encapsulation by Heterophase Polymerization 1445.4 Microencapsulation by Polyaddition & Polycondensation Interfacial 1485.5 Microencapsulation by In Situ Polymerization 1585.6 Conclusion 166References 1676 Encapsulation of Silica Particles by a Thin Shell of Poly(Methyl) Methacrylate 1756.1 Introduction 1766.2 Synthesis of Silica (Nano)Particles and Their Surface Modification 1786.3 Encapsulation of Silica Particles in a Thin PMMA Shell 1816.4 Summary 198References 1997 Organic Thin-Film Transistors with Solution-Processed Encapsulation 2037.1 Introduction 2037.2 Environment-Induced Degradations of OTFTs 2057.3 Encapsulation of OTFTs 2097.4 Summary and Outlook 221References 2218 Tunable Encapsulation Property of Amphiphilic Polymer Based on Hyperbranched Polyethylenimine 2258.1 Introduction 2268.2 Synthesis of PEI-CAMs 2288.3 Unimolecularity versus Aggregate of PEI-CAMs 2308.4 Host–Guest Chemistry of PEI-CAMs 2318.5 Charge Selective Encapsulation and Separation 2338.6 Recognition and Separation of Anionic–Anionic Mixtures by Core Engineering of a CAM 2398.7 Modulation of the Guest Release of a CAM 2478.8 Concluding Remarks 250Acknowledgements 251References 2519 Polymer Layers by Initiated CVD for Thin Film Gas Barrier Encapsulation 2559.1 Introduction 2569.2 Initiated CVD Polymerization 2589.3 Coating by Initiated CVD 2689.4 Advantages of iCVD in Hybrid Multilayer Gas Barriers 2729.5 Specific Requirements for the Use in Hybrid Multilayers 2769.6 Multilayer Gas Barriers Containing Polymers by iCVD 2819.7 Upscaling and Utilization 285References 28710 Polymeric Hollow Particles for Encapsulation of Chemical Molecules 29110.1 Introduction 29210.2 Colloidosome Approach 29510.3 Internal Phase Separation/Precipitation Approach 29910.4 Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Copolymers (Copolymer Vesicles) 30510.4.1 From Amphiphilic Copolymers 30610.5 Layer-by-Layer (L-b-L) Deposition 31010.6 Unimolecular Micelles Approach 31510.7 Heterophase Polymerization 31910.8 Key Design Features for Applications of Hollow Polymer Particles 33210.9 Conclusions 340References 34111 Protic Ionic Liquids Confinement in Macro, Meso and Microporous Materials for Proton Conduction 34711.1 Introduction 34811.2 Structure and Properties of Materials for Proton Conduction 35111.3 Encapsulation Procedures and Proton Conduction Performance 36511.4 New Activities and Development Trends 383References 38612 Encapsulation Methods with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Basis and Applications 39112.1 Introduction 39112.2 Supercritical Fluids – Properties 39212.3 Particle Engineering and Encapsulation with Supercritical Fluids 394References 419Index 425