Xiang Zhou is a Tech Lead within Google Platform Advanced Technology. Before joining Google, he was with AT&T Labs, conducting research on various aspects of optical transmission and photonics networking technologies. Dr. Zhou is an OSA fellow and an associate editor for Optics Express. He has extensive publications in the field of optical communications.Chongjin Xie is a Senior Director at Ali Infrastructure Service, Alibaba Group. Before joining Alibaba Group, he was a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff at Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent. Dr. Xie is a fellow of OSA and senior member of IEEE. He is an associate editor of the Journal of Lightwave Technology and has served in various conference committees.

• List of Contributors xvPreface xvii1 Introduction 1Xiang Zhou and Chongjin Xie1.1 High-Capacity Fiber Transmission Technology Evolution, 11.2 Fundamentals of Coherent Transmission Technology, 41.2.1 Concept of Coherent Detection, 41.2.2 Digital Signal Processing, 51.2.3 Key Devices, 71.3 Outline of this Book, 8References, 92 Multidimensional Optimized Optical Modulation Formats 13Magnus Karlsson and Erik Agrell2.1 Introduction, 132.2 Fundamentals of Digital Modulation, 152.2.1 System Models, 152.2.2 Channel Models, 172.2.3 Constellations and Their Performance Metrics, 182.3 Modulation Formats and Their Ideal Performance, 202.3.1 Format Optimizations and Comparisons, 212.3.2 Optimized Formats in Nonlinear Channels, 302.4 Combinations of Coding and Modulation, 312.4.1 Soft-Decision Decoding, 312.4.2 Hard-Decision Decoding, 372.4.3 Iterative Decoding, 392.5 Experimental Work, 402.5.1 Transmitter Realizations and Transmission Experiments, 402.5.2 Receiver Realizations and Digital Signal Processing, 452.5.3 Formats Overview, 492.5.4 Symbol Detection, 502.5.5 Realizing Dimensions, 512.6 Summary and Conclusions, 54References, 563 Advances in Detection and Error Correction for Coherent Optical Communications: Regular, Irregular, and Spatially Coupled LDPC Code Designs 65Laurent Schmalen, Stephan ten Brink, and Andreas Leven3.1 Introduction, 653.2 Differential Coding for Optical Communications, 673.2.1 Higher-Order Modulation Formats, 673.2.2 The Phase-Slip Channel Model, 693.2.3 Differential Coding and Decoding, 713.2.4 Maximum a Posteriori Differential Decoding, 783.2.5 Achievable Rates of the Differentially Coded Phase-SlipChannel, 813.3 LDPC-Coded Differential Modulation, 833.3.1 Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) Codes, 853.3.2 Code Design for Iterative Differential Decoding, 913.3.3 Higher-Order Modulation Formats with V < Q, 1003.4 Coded Differential Modulation with Spatially Coupled LDPC Codes, 1013.4.1 Protograph-Based Spatially Coupled LDPC Codes, 1023.4.2 Spatially Coupled LDPC Codes with Iterative Demodulation, 1053.4.3 Windowed Differential Decoding of SC-LDPC Codes, 1083.4.4 Design of Protograph-Based SC-LDPC Codes forDifferential-Coded Modulation, 1083.5 Conclusions, 112Appendix: LDPC-Coded Differential Modulation—Decoding Algorithms, 112Differential Decoding, 114LDPC Decoding, 115References, 1174 Spectrally Efficient Multiplexing: Nyquist-WDM 123Gabriella Bosco4.1 Introduction, 1234.2 Nyquist Signaling Schemes, 1254.2.1 Ideal Nyquist-WDM (Δf = Rs), 1264.2.2 Quasi-Nyquist-WDM (Δf > Rs), 1284.2.3 Super-Nyquist-WDM (Δf

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