David Kurnick is associate professor of English at Rutgers University.

• Introduction Interiority and Its Discontents 1 Theater Demetaphorized 1 Theater Dethematized: Spatializations of the Novel 10 The Vocation of Failure 24 Chapter One: Acoustics in the Thackeray Theater 29 "The Play" 29 Trivializing History, or, Domesticity 33 Diminishing Returns: Vanity Fair's Theatricality 42 The Box-Opener: A Note on Becky Sharp 50 Empty House Theatricals: The Wolves and the Lamb 53 In the Recess of Consciousness: Lovel the Widower 56 Chapter Two: George Eliot's Lot 67 Theater and Abstraction 67 Romola, Felix Holt, and the Uses of Inwardness 74 The Spanish Gypsy's Universal Theater 82 Middlemarch, Daniel Deronda, and the Cast of Mind 91 Chapter Three: Henry James's Awkward Stage 105 Other Almost Anyhow 105 The Performance Imaginary: The Other House, 1896 113 The Performance Imaginary II: The Other House, 1909 121 In the Sociable Dusk of The Awkward Age 126 James and His Kind 136 What Does Jamesian Style Want? 144 Chapter Four: Joyce Unperformed 153 Joycean Exposures 153 Epiphany and the Obscene Body 158 Ibsen, Exiles, and the Scene of Sex 167 Backstage at the Library: "Scylla and Charybdis" 178 The Ineluctable Modality of the Legible: "Circe" 183 Epilogue In the Kingdom of Whomever: Baldwin's Method 192 Notes 207 Index 245

Co-Winner of the 2013 Sonia Rudikoff Prize, Northeast Victorian Studies Association Shortlisted for the 2013 MSA Book Prize, Modernist Studies Association "Empty Houses is an admirable book. Its willingness to question established views on the novel has enlightening results. In the boldness and originality of its arguments, it makes a valuable contribution not only to scholarship on the novelists it considers, but also more widely to our understanding of the novel as a genre."--Matthew Peters, Times Literary Supplement "Erudite, nuanced, and utterly convincing... Empty Houses must soon take its place in the canon of absolutely necessary studies of Victorian and later fiction."--Victorian Studies "David Kurnick's dazzling new book, Empty Houses, draws much of its considerable force from its antipathy toward the traditional novel's psychosexual categories of identity and their ideological uses. Kurnick elaborates his elegant polemic through substantial and richly satisfying reinterpretations of works, both familiar and relatively neglected."--Joseph Litvak, Novel "Kurnick's thoughtful, subtle, well-argued book focuses on five writers closely associated with the movement toward, and the apotheosis of, interiority in the novel: Thackeray, George Eliot, Henry James, James Joyce, and James Baldwin. All had theatrical ambitions that were largely unsuccessful. Kurnick makes the case that the novel's shift from public spaces to psychological interior spaces is fraught with ambivalence, with 'longing references to the public worlds they would seem to have left behind.'"--Choice "Kurnick writes with both precision and verve, and his wonderfully fine grained close readings are always in the service of his larger--sometimes breathtakingly large--claims... This is an important book that demands to be pondered and deserves to be argued with--and applauded."--Daniel Hack, Nineteenth-Century Literature "Another impressive study is David Kurnick's Empty Houses ... Kurnick supports his argument with incisive, subtle readings of passages from major novels by his four authors as well as from such less frequently studied works as Thackeray's Lovel the Widower and George Eliot's The Spanish Gypsy."--John O. Jordan, SEL Studies in English Literature "David Kurnick's rereading of the novel of interiority is undoubtedly far-reaching, yet it is far from monolithic. Part of the strength of his work lies in the varied texture that he gives to his ideas as he explores how writers spanning more than one-hundred years used their experiences with the theater to reshape their prose."--David Kornhaber, Ravon "Empty Houses: Theatrical Failure and the Novel advances a sophisticated, highly nuanced argument about the relationship of drama, performance, and fiction... Kurnick's argument ... is formidable and skillfully executed... [V]ery often brilliant and incisive."--Stephen Watt, James Joyce Literary Supplement Empty Houses, informed by Kurnick's nuanced and convincing formalist readings, is not only an important contribution to narrative theory and genre studies, but also offers insights into several issues that literary scholars have either dismissed or taken for granted, with authorial intention, literary failures, and canonicity being among them."--Philip Tsang, Textual Practice "While Kurnick includes fascinating histories of both the nineteenth-century theatre and the allure it held for the aforementioned authors, as well as careful inclusions of other critical interpretations of the fictions he considers, it is Kurnick's own original and ground-breaking analyses of the impact of these unperformed plays, and plays that might have been, that make Empty Houses such a worthwhile read."--Susan Ray, George Eliot-George Henry Lewes Studies "Kurnick has discerned a 'melancholy of generic distinction' whose ramifications far exceed the novels and novelists on whom he builds his argument."--Jonathan V. Farina, Wordsworth Circle "Kurnick's radiant and rigorous book ... has the rare quality of appealing to both theater and novel critics, and in bridging these worlds it enjoins us all to wider aspirations... The argument is intricately nested and wrought in vivacious and exhilarating prose."--Daniel Williams, Modern Language Notes

David Kurnick is associate professor of English at Rutgers University.

• Introduction Interiority and Its Discontents 1 Theater Demetaphorized 1 Theater Dethematized: Spatializations of the Novel 10 The Vocation of Failure 24 Chapter One: Acoustics in the Thackeray Theater 29 "The Play" 29 Trivializing History, or, Domesticity 33 Diminishing Returns: Vanity Fair's Theatricality 42 The Box-Opener: A Note on Becky Sharp 50 Empty House Theatricals: The Wolves and the Lamb 53 In the Recess of Consciousness: Lovel the Widower 56 Chapter Two: George Eliot's Lot 67 Theater and Abstraction 67 Romola, Felix Holt, and the Uses of Inwardness 74 The Spanish Gypsy's Universal Theater 82 Middlemarch, Daniel Deronda, and the Cast of Mind 91 Chapter Three: Henry James's Awkward Stage 105 Other Almost Anyhow 105 The Performance Imaginary: The Other House, 1896 113 The Performance Imaginary II: The Other House, 1909 121 In the Sociable Dusk of The Awkward Age 126 James and His Kind 136 What Does Jamesian Style Want? 144 Chapter Four: Joyce Unperformed 153 Joycean Exposures 153 Epiphany and the Obscene Body 158 Ibsen, Exiles, and the Scene of Sex 167 Backstage at the Library: "Scylla and Charybdis" 178 The Ineluctable Modality of the Legible: "Circe" 183 Epilogue In the Kingdom of Whomever: Baldwin's Method 192 Notes 207 Index 245

Co-Winner of the 2013 Sonia Rudikoff Prize, Northeast Victorian Studies Association Shortlisted for the 2013 MSA Book Prize, Modernist Studies Association "Empty Houses is an admirable book. Its willingness to question established views on the novel has enlightening results. In the boldness and originality of its arguments, it makes a valuable contribution not only to scholarship on the novelists it considers, but also more widely to our understanding of the novel as a genre."--Matthew Peters, Times Literary Supplement "Erudite, nuanced, and utterly convincing... Empty Houses must soon take its place in the canon of absolutely necessary studies of Victorian and later fiction."--Victorian Studies "David Kurnick's dazzling new book, Empty Houses, draws much of its considerable force from its antipathy toward the traditional novel's psychosexual categories of identity and their ideological uses. Kurnick elaborates his elegant polemic through substantial and richly satisfying reinterpretations of works, both familiar and relatively neglected."--Joseph Litvak, Novel "Kurnick's thoughtful, subtle, well-argued book focuses on five writers closely associated with the movement toward, and the apotheosis of, interiority in the novel: Thackeray, George Eliot, Henry James, James Joyce, and James Baldwin. All had theatrical ambitions that were largely unsuccessful. Kurnick makes the case that the novel's shift from public spaces to psychological interior spaces is fraught with ambivalence, with 'longing references to the public worlds they would seem to have left behind.'"--Choice "Kurnick writes with both precision and verve, and his wonderfully fine grained close readings are always in the service of his larger--sometimes breathtakingly large--claims... This is an important book that demands to be pondered and deserves to be argued with--and applauded."--Daniel Hack, Nineteenth-Century Literature "Another impressive study is David Kurnick's Empty Houses ... Kurnick supports his argument with incisive, subtle readings of passages from major novels by his four authors as well as from such less frequently studied works as Thackeray's Lovel the Widower and George Eliot's The Spanish Gypsy."--John O. Jordan, SEL Studies in English Literature "David Kurnick's rereading of the novel of interiority is undoubtedly far-reaching, yet it is far from monolithic. Part of the strength of his work lies in the varied texture that he gives to his ideas as he explores how writers spanning more than one-hundred years used their experiences with the theater to reshape their prose."--David Kornhaber, Ravon "Empty Houses: Theatrical Failure and the Novel advances a sophisticated, highly nuanced argument about the relationship of drama, performance, and fiction... Kurnick's argument ... is formidable and skillfully executed... [V]ery often brilliant and incisive."--Stephen Watt, James Joyce Literary Supplement Empty Houses, informed by Kurnick's nuanced and convincing formalist readings, is not only an important contribution to narrative theory and genre studies, but also offers insights into several issues that literary scholars have either dismissed or taken for granted, with authorial intention, literary failures, and canonicity being among them."--Philip Tsang, Textual Practice "While Kurnick includes fascinating histories of both the nineteenth-century theatre and the allure it held for the aforementioned authors, as well as careful inclusions of other critical interpretations of the fictions he considers, it is Kurnick's own original and ground-breaking analyses of the impact of these unperformed plays, and plays that might have been, that make Empty Houses such a worthwhile read."--Susan Ray, George Eliot-George Henry Lewes Studies "Kurnick has discerned a 'melancholy of generic distinction' whose ramifications far exceed the novels and novelists on whom he builds his argument."--Jonathan V. Farina, Wordsworth Circle "Kurnick's radiant and rigorous book ... has the rare quality of appealing to both theater and novel critics, and in bridging these worlds it enjoins us all to wider aspirations... The argument is intricately nested and wrought in vivacious and exhilarating prose."--Daniel Williams, Modern Language Notes

David Kurnick is associate professor of English at Rutgers University.

• Introduction Interiority and Its Discontents 1 Theater Demetaphorized 1 Theater Dethematized: Spatializations of the Novel 10 The Vocation of Failure 24 Chapter One: Acoustics in the Thackeray Theater 29 "The Play" 29 Trivializing History, or, Domesticity 33 Diminishing Returns: Vanity Fair's Theatricality 42 The Box-Opener: A Note on Becky Sharp 50 Empty House Theatricals: The Wolves and the Lamb 53 In the Recess of Consciousness: Lovel the Widower 56 Chapter Two: George Eliot's Lot 67 Theater and Abstraction 67 Romola, Felix Holt, and the Uses of Inwardness 74 The Spanish Gypsy's Universal Theater 82 Middlemarch, Daniel Deronda, and the Cast of Mind 91 Chapter Three: Henry James's Awkward Stage 105 Other Almost Anyhow 105 The Performance Imaginary: The Other House, 1896 113 The Performance Imaginary II: The Other House, 1909 121 In the Sociable Dusk of The Awkward Age 126 James and His Kind 136 What Does Jamesian Style Want? 144 Chapter Four: Joyce Unperformed 153 Joycean Exposures 153 Epiphany and the Obscene Body 158 Ibsen, Exiles, and the Scene of Sex 167 Backstage at the Library: "Scylla and Charybdis" 178 The Ineluctable Modality of the Legible: "Circe" 183 Epilogue In the Kingdom of Whomever: Baldwin's Method 192 Notes 207 Index 245

Co-Winner of the 2013 Sonia Rudikoff Prize, Northeast Victorian Studies Association Shortlisted for the 2013 MSA Book Prize, Modernist Studies Association "Empty Houses is an admirable book. Its willingness to question established views on the novel has enlightening results. In the boldness and originality of its arguments, it makes a valuable contribution not only to scholarship on the novelists it considers, but also more widely to our understanding of the novel as a genre."--Matthew Peters, Times Literary Supplement "Erudite, nuanced, and utterly convincing... Empty Houses must soon take its place in the canon of absolutely necessary studies of Victorian and later fiction."--Victorian Studies "David Kurnick's dazzling new book, Empty Houses, draws much of its considerable force from its antipathy toward the traditional novel's psychosexual categories of identity and their ideological uses. Kurnick elaborates his elegant polemic through substantial and richly satisfying reinterpretations of works, both familiar and relatively neglected."--Joseph Litvak, Novel "Kurnick's thoughtful, subtle, well-argued book focuses on five writers closely associated with the movement toward, and the apotheosis of, interiority in the novel: Thackeray, George Eliot, Henry James, James Joyce, and James Baldwin. All had theatrical ambitions that were largely unsuccessful. Kurnick makes the case that the novel's shift from public spaces to psychological interior spaces is fraught with ambivalence, with 'longing references to the public worlds they would seem to have left behind.'"--Choice "Kurnick writes with both precision and verve, and his wonderfully fine grained close readings are always in the service of his larger--sometimes breathtakingly large--claims... This is an important book that demands to be pondered and deserves to be argued with--and applauded."--Daniel Hack, Nineteenth-Century Literature "Another impressive study is David Kurnick's Empty Houses ... Kurnick supports his argument with incisive, subtle readings of passages from major novels by his four authors as well as from such less frequently studied works as Thackeray's Lovel the Widower and George Eliot's The Spanish Gypsy."--John O. Jordan, SEL Studies in English Literature "David Kurnick's rereading of the novel of interiority is undoubtedly far-reaching, yet it is far from monolithic. Part of the strength of his work lies in the varied texture that he gives to his ideas as he explores how writers spanning more than one-hundred years used their experiences with the theater to reshape their prose."--David Kornhaber, Ravon "Empty Houses: Theatrical Failure and the Novel advances a sophisticated, highly nuanced argument about the relationship of drama, performance, and fiction... Kurnick's argument ... is formidable and skillfully executed... [V]ery often brilliant and incisive."--Stephen Watt, James Joyce Literary Supplement Empty Houses, informed by Kurnick's nuanced and convincing formalist readings, is not only an important contribution to narrative theory and genre studies, but also offers insights into several issues that literary scholars have either dismissed or taken for granted, with authorial intention, literary failures, and canonicity being among them."--Philip Tsang, Textual Practice "While Kurnick includes fascinating histories of both the nineteenth-century theatre and the allure it held for the aforementioned authors, as well as careful inclusions of other critical interpretations of the fictions he considers, it is Kurnick's own original and ground-breaking analyses of the impact of these unperformed plays, and plays that might have been, that make Empty Houses such a worthwhile read."--Susan Ray, George Eliot-George Henry Lewes Studies "Kurnick has discerned a 'melancholy of generic distinction' whose ramifications far exceed the novels and novelists on whom he builds his argument."--Jonathan V. Farina, Wordsworth Circle "Kurnick's radiant and rigorous book ... has the rare quality of appealing to both theater and novel critics, and in bridging these worlds it enjoins us all to wider aspirations... The argument is intricately nested and wrought in vivacious and exhilarating prose."--Daniel Williams, Modern Language Notes