Walter Pohl and Rutger Kramer have assembled ten rich contributions with the ambition of participating in a global history spanning Antiquity and the Middle Ages, extending from the Atlantic to the Zagros....The abundance of ideas, innovative approaches, and historical data will undoubtedly offer ample material for reflection for historians of Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages....In substance, both editors and contributors primarily interrogate the articulation of ethnic, confessional, and regional communities with the Empire to which they belong, and often outlast, as well as the ideological mechanisms of identification underpinning them.