Pradip Ninan Thomas is at the School of Communications and Arts, University of Queensland. He has written extensively on the media in India, the political economy of communications, communications and social change and the media and religion. He was the Vice President of the International Association for Media & Communication Research (2012-2016).

• List of Abbreviations Introduction 1. The Telegraph 2. Cable 3. Wireless 4. Telecommunications in Post-Independent India Postscript Index About the Author

Thomas's consistent focus on the financing and organization of materiel (the military analogy is precise) for official communications is fruitful for the comparisons he wants to make. He has also done a service by highlighting the costs paid by the Indian public as the state and entrepreneurs pursued the expansion of telecommunications to serve empire and capital.

Pradip Ninan Thomas is at the School of Communications and Arts, University of Queensland. He has written extensively on the media in India, the political economy of communications, communications and social change and the media and religion. He was the Vice President of the International Association for Media & Communication Research (2012-2016).

• List of Abbreviations Introduction 1. The Telegraph 2. Cable 3. Wireless 4. Telecommunications in Post-Independent India Postscript Index About the Author

Thomas's consistent focus on the financing and organization of materiel (the military analogy is precise) for official communications is fruitful for the comparisons he wants to make. He has also done a service by highlighting the costs paid by the Indian public as the state and entrepreneurs pursued the expansion of telecommunications to serve empire and capital.

Pradip Ninan Thomas is at the School of Communications and Arts, University of Queensland. He has written extensively on the media in India, the political economy of communications, communications and social change and the media and religion. He was the Vice President of the International Association for Media & Communication Research (2012-2016).

• List of Abbreviations Introduction 1. The Telegraph 2. Cable 3. Wireless 4. Telecommunications in Post-Independent India Postscript Index About the Author

Thomas's consistent focus on the financing and organization of materiel (the military analogy is precise) for official communications is fruitful for the comparisons he wants to make. He has also done a service by highlighting the costs paid by the Indian public as the state and entrepreneurs pursued the expansion of telecommunications to serve empire and capital.