Emergency Point-of-Care Ultrasound

James A. Connolly, MBBS, FRCS (ed), FRCS (Glas), FCEM, CFEU is a Consultant in Emergency Medicine at Great North Trauma and Emergency Care Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Anthony J. Dean, MD is a Professor of Emergency Medicine and of Emergency Medicine in Radiology; and the Director of the Division of Emergency Ultrasonography at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Beatrice Hoffmann, MD, PhD, RDMS is Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Ultrasound Division Director, and Emergency Physician at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Robert D. Jarman, MBBS, MSc(Medical Ultrasound), FRCS(Ed), FRCEM(UK), FRCP(Ed), CFEU is a Consultant in Emergency Medicine at Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Visiting Professor and MSc Point-of-Care Ultrasound Lead at University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, UK.

• List of Contributors xAbout the Companion Website xviiIntroduction: What is Point-of-Care Ultrasound? 1James A. Connolly, Anthony J. Dean, Beatrice Hoffmann and Robert D. JarmanPart 1 Physics 51 How Does Ultrasound Work? 7Heather VenablesPart 2 Ultrasound by Region 13Thorax 142 Evaluation of the Chest Wall, Pleura and Lung 15Gebhard Mathis and Anthony J. Dean3 Point-of-Care Ultrasonography of the Thoracic Aorta 32R. Andrew Taylor and Christopher L. Moore4 Anatomy/Ultrasonography of the Heart 39Conn Russell5 Basic Point-of-Care Echocardiography: Interpretation and Haemodynamic Assessment 47Craig Morris6 Beyond Basic Point-of-Care Echocardiography 56Sean BennettAbdomen 697 Ultrasound Assessment of the Abdominal Aorta in the Acute Setting 71Simon Richards8 Focussed Assessment with Sonography in Trauma – The FAST Exam 83Rajat Gangahar9 Advanced Gastrointestinal Ultrasound: Identifying Appendicitis, Pneumoperitoneum, Intussusception and Diverticulitis 101Beatrice Hoffmann and Sara Damewood10 Intravascular Volume Assessment by Ultrasound Evaluation of the Inferior Vena Cava 115Anthony J. Dean11 Emergency Ultrasound in First-Trimester Pregnancy 126Andrew M. Kestler and John L. Kendall12 Second- and Third-Trimester Pregnancy 143Elena Skomorovsky, John Gullett and David C. Pigott13 Gynaecological Ultrasound in Emergency Medicine: The Non-Pregnant Female Patient with Abdomino-Pelvic Pain 152Martha Villalba and Michael Lambert14 Focused Hepatobiliary Ultrasound 162Daniel Runde, Resa Lewiss and Patricia Van Leer15 Renal Ultrasound 175Lisa Munro Davies16 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Acute Scrotum 194J. Matthew FieldsExtremities 20317 The Lower Limb and the Upper Limb 205David Lewis and John Gullett18 Ultrasonography of Deep Venous Thrombosis 221Joshua S. Rempell and Vicki E. Noble19 Transcranial Doppler 233John Gullett, Hilary F. H. Beason and David C. Pigott20 Ocular Ultrasound 241Anumeha Singh and Dietrich von Kuenssberg Jehle21 Airway/Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Sonography 251Barton Brown and Srikar AdhikariPart 3 Paediatrics 25922 Paediatric Musculoskeletal Point-of-Care Ultrasound 261Paul Atkinson, Tyler Johnston and Joe Rigley23 Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care 270Mahmoud A. Elbarbary24 Paediatric Abdominal Ultrasound 280Jennifer R. MarinPart 4 Adjunct to Practical Procedures 28725 Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Access 289Nova L. Panebianco26 Pericardiocentesis, Paracentesis and Thoracentesis 296David B. Richards27 Suprapubic Aspiration and Catheterisation 302Fernando Silva28 Ultrasound in the Management of Fractures 307Paul Atkinson, Tyler Johnston and Joe Rigley29 Ultrasound-Guided (USG) Peripheral Nerve Block (PNB) 314Jens Børglum and Kenneth Jensen30 Foreign Body and Abscess 331Erskine J. Holmes31 Ultrasound of the Airway 337Christopher T. Wall, Seth R. Strote, Liberty V. Caroon and Robert F. ReardonPart 5 Syndromic Approach 34732 Chest Pain and Dyspnea 349Lawrence A. Melniker33 Bedside Ultrasound as an Adjunct in the Evaluation and Management of Critically Ill Patients 355Anthony J. Dean and Sarah A. Stahmer34 Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Resuscitation and Cardiac Arrest: The FEEL Protocol 371Elena Costantini, Peter M. Zechner, Frank Heringer, Colleen Cuca, Felix Walcher and Raoul Breitkreutz35 Non-Invasive Haemodynamics 375Erik Sloth, Christian Alcaraz Frederiksen and Peter Juhl-Olsen36 Doppler Assessment of Haemodynamics 379Brendan E. Smith and Veronica M. Madigan37 Algorithmic Bedside Approach to the Major Trauma Patient in Extremis 386Robert Arntfield and Andrew W. Kirkpatrick38 A Syndromic Approach with Sonography to the Patient with Abdominal Pain 392Jonathan Fischer and Pablo Aguillera39 A Syndromic Approach to the Pregnant Patient 400Joseph Wood40 The Use of Ultrasound in Evaluating Dyspnoea/Respiratory Distress in Infants and Children 404Roberto Copetti and Luigi Cattarossi41 Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Human Immune-Deficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB) Co-Infection: The FASH Scan 410Hein Lamprecht42 Fever and Ultrasound 418Gabriel Simon and Beatrice HoffmannPart 6 Different Environments 42343 The Role of Ultrasound in Pre-Hospital Care 425Tim Harris, Adam Bystrzycki and Stefan M. MazurAppendix A1: Selected Protocols for Cardiac and Critical Care Ultrasound 440James D. Milne and Paul Atkinson44 Use of Ultrasound in Extreme or Hostile Environments (Online only) 454Kenton Anderson45 Setting Up an Ultrasound Programme in Underdeveloped Healthcare Systems (Online only) 462Hein Lamprecht and John SloanPart 7 Administration (Online only) 47146 Best Practice and Future Developments in Point-of-Care Ultrasound (Online only) 473Robert D. Jarman47 The Role of Phantoms and Simulation in Teaching Ultrasound Skills in Emergency Medicine (Online only) 479Mike Wells and Lara Goldstein48 Ultrasound in Undergraduate Medical Education (Online only) 487Richard A. Hoppmann49 Departmental Implementation: Setting up an Ultrasound Training Programme for Medical Students - Experience of Two Universities (Online only) 493David C. Wherry and Mark W. Bowyer50 Future of Point-of-Care Ultrasound (Online only) 503Michael BlaivasAppendix A2: Normal Ultrasound Values (Online only) 506Phil JohnstoneIndex 511