Xiumin Hong, Ph.D., Professor & Director, Institute of Early Childhood Education, Beijing Normal University. Main research areas include early childhood education policy, infant and toddlers’ psychological development and education. Applicants have presided over and undertaken 14 provincial and ministerial projects, published 15 books, and more than 80 papers.Wenting Zhu, Postdoctoral Researcher, School of Government, Beijing Normal University. Main research areas: early childhood education policy, teacher professional development. And she has published more than 30 papers in journals and authoritative newspapers.Qun Ma, PhD candidate at the University of Auckland. Her research interests include early childhood education policy and research methods.

• Introduction, 1. From restriction to encouragement, 2. Give birth or not in the second-child era, 3. The second-child views from children’s perspective, 4. Studies on parents’puzzles and social support in the second-child education, 5. Studies on the second child in the eyes of teachers and the preparations of kindergartens, 6. The children in the two-child era, 7. Relationship between two-child population and education