Edited by Vincent Chetail, Professor of Public International Law and Director, Global Migration Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Switzerland

• ContentsPreface xiii1 African Union 1Tadesse Abebe and Lea von Martius2 Association of Southeast AsianNations 6Jittawadee Chotinukul3 Asylum 14Vincent Chetail4 Asylum Seeker 21María-Teresa Gil-Bazo5 Bilateral Agreement 25Andrea Spagnolo6 Border Control 29Boldizsár Nagy7 Child Migrants 36Liline Steyn8 Cities 43Moritz Baumgärtel9 Civil Society 50Massimo Frigo10 Climate Change 57Walter Kälin11 Complementary Protection 64Jane McAdam12 Consular Protection andAssistance 70Madalina Moraru13 Council of Europe 76Elspeth Guild14 COVID-19 82Ian M. Kysel15 Crimmigration 88José A. Brandariz16 Detention 93Galina Cornelisse17 Diaspora 99Larissa van den Herik18 Digital Technology 103Ana Beduschi19 Diplomatic Assurances 109William Thomas Worster20 Diplomatic Protection 115Eileen Denza21 Entry Ban 119Izabella Majcher22 European Border and CoastGuard Agency (Frontex) 124Giulia Raimondo23 European Union 130Philippe De Bruycker24 European Union Agency forAsylum 136Evangelia (Lilian) Tsourdi25 Expulsion 140Tamas Molnar26 Externalization 147Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen27 Extradition 152Stefano Maffei28 Extraterritorial Jurisdiction 157Cedric Ryngaert29 Family Reunification 162Mariana Ferolla Vallandro do Valle30 Feminism 168Natasha Yacoub31 Forced Labour and Slavery 177Natalia Szablewska32 Free Movement Agreement 184Sara Iglesias Sánchez33 Freedom of Religion or Belief 190Nazila Ghanea and Thiago Alves Pinto34 Frontier Worker 195Sandra Mantu35 Global Compact for Safe,Orderly and Regular Migration 200Vincent Chetail36 Global Compact on Refugees 206Madeline Garlick37 Human Rights of Migrants 212Vincent Chetail38 Integrated Border Management 219Giulia Raimondo39 Integration 226Ulrike Brandl40 Interception at Sea 232Itamar Mann41 Internally Displaced Persons 238Cecilia Jimenez-Damary42 International LabourOrganization 243Leila Kawar43 International Organization forMigration 248Jan Klabbers44 International Student 252Tesseltje de Lange45 Irregular Migration 258Alessia Di Pascale46 Labour Rights 263Arwen Joyce47 League of Arab States 270Mervat Rishmawi48 Legal Assistance 276Andrea Saccucci49 LGBTQ+ Migrant 282Janna Wessels50 Mass Influx 289Meltem Ineli Ciger51 Migrant 295Vincent Chetail52 Migrant in Situations ofVulnerability 303Delphine Nakache andChristiana Essie Sagay53 Migrant Women 309Christel Querton54 Migrant Worker 314Alan Desmond55 Migration Crisis 320Jaya Ramji-Nogales56 Migration Governance 325Antoine Pécoud57 Migration Partnership 330Paula García Andrade58 Missing Migrant 336Gabriella Citroni59 Mixed Migration 343Marina Sharpe60 Mobility 347Iris Goldner Lang61 Nationality 352Peter J. Spiro62 Naturalization 357Bruno Nascimbene63 Non-discrimination 363Karin de Vries64 Non-refoulement 371Cornelis (Kees) Wouters andCameron Shilton65 Office of the United NationsHigh Commissioner for HumanRights 377Pia Oberoi66 Office of the United NationsHigh Commissioner forRefugees 381Jay Ramasubramanyam67 Organization of AmericanStates 386Jean-Pierre Gauci andGeorgia Greville68 Palestinian Refugees 392Francesca P. Albanese69 Persecution 397Hélène Lambert70 Private Sector 402Daria Davitti71 Protracted Displacement 408Mansha Mohee72 Racism 417E. Tendayi Achiume73 Readmission Agreement 423Mariagiulia Giuffré74 Recruitment 428Fay Faraday75 Refugee 434Guy S. Goodwin-Gill76 Refugee Camp 440Maja Janmyr and Nora Milch77 Refugee Status 444Vincent Chetail andJittawadee Chotinukul78 Refugee Status DeterminationProcedure 449Daniel Ghezelbash79 Regional Human Rights Courts 455Cathryn Costello and Vera Wriedt80 Regularization 462Alan Desmond81 Remittances 468Alan Desmond82 Resettlement 473Susan Kneebone83 Return and Reintegration 477Izabella Majcher84 Right to Health 483Mary E. Crock85 Right to Information 490Liliana Lyra Jubilut86 Right to Leave and to Return 496Nora Markard87 Rule of Law and Due ProcessGuarantees 501Jens Vedsted-Hansen88 Safe Third Country 506Eleni Karageorgiou89 Schengen Area 512Daniel Thym90 Search and Rescue 517Efthymios Papastavridis91 Seasonal Migrant Workers 523Bethany Hastie and Sofia Cornejo92 Sexual Exploitation 529Isabel Lirola-Delgado93 Smuggling of Migrants 534Andreas Schloenhardt94 Social Rights 539Annick Pijnenburg95 Sovereignty 544Sylvie Sarolea96 Statelessness 550Bronwen Manby97 Stranded Migrant 558Luc Leboeuf98 Terrorism 562Ben Saul99 Third World Approaches toInternational Law (TWAIL) 568Vincent Chetail100 Trafficking in Persons 574Siobhán Mullally101 Travel Document 580Luuk van der Baaren andDimitry V. Kochenov102 United Nations Relief andWorks Agency for PalestineRefugeesin the Near East(UNRWA) 585Lex Takkenberg103 United Nations Treaty Bodies 590Alan Desmond104 Visa 599Annalisa Meloni105 Voluntary Repatriation 605Marjoleine Zieck106 World Trade Organization 609Marion Panizzon and Amanda Bisong

‘This indispensable volume is comprehensive and timely. The contributions by leading experts on migration, law and policy respond to the urgent need to clarify concepts, dispel myths and identify both the reach of the law and gaps in the normative structure.’

Edited by Vincent Chetail, Professor of Public International Law and Director, Global Migration Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Switzerland

• ContentsPreface xiii1 African Union 1Tadesse Abebe and Lea von Martius2 Association of Southeast AsianNations 6Jittawadee Chotinukul3 Asylum 14Vincent Chetail4 Asylum Seeker 21María-Teresa Gil-Bazo5 Bilateral Agreement 25Andrea Spagnolo6 Border Control 29Boldizsár Nagy7 Child Migrants 36Liline Steyn8 Cities 43Moritz Baumgärtel9 Civil Society 50Massimo Frigo10 Climate Change 57Walter Kälin11 Complementary Protection 64Jane McAdam12 Consular Protection andAssistance 70Madalina Moraru13 Council of Europe 76Elspeth Guild14 COVID-19 82Ian M. Kysel15 Crimmigration 88José A. Brandariz16 Detention 93Galina Cornelisse17 Diaspora 99Larissa van den Herik18 Digital Technology 103Ana Beduschi19 Diplomatic Assurances 109William Thomas Worster20 Diplomatic Protection 115Eileen Denza21 Entry Ban 119Izabella Majcher22 European Border and CoastGuard Agency (Frontex) 124Giulia Raimondo23 European Union 130Philippe De Bruycker24 European Union Agency forAsylum 136Evangelia (Lilian) Tsourdi25 Expulsion 140Tamas Molnar26 Externalization 147Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen27 Extradition 152Stefano Maffei28 Extraterritorial Jurisdiction 157Cedric Ryngaert29 Family Reunification 162Mariana Ferolla Vallandro do Valle30 Feminism 168Natasha Yacoub31 Forced Labour and Slavery 177Natalia Szablewska32 Free Movement Agreement 184Sara Iglesias Sánchez33 Freedom of Religion or Belief 190Nazila Ghanea and Thiago Alves Pinto34 Frontier Worker 195Sandra Mantu35 Global Compact for Safe,Orderly and Regular Migration 200Vincent Chetail36 Global Compact on Refugees 206Madeline Garlick37 Human Rights of Migrants 212Vincent Chetail38 Integrated Border Management 219Giulia Raimondo39 Integration 226Ulrike Brandl40 Interception at Sea 232Itamar Mann41 Internally Displaced Persons 238Cecilia Jimenez-Damary42 International LabourOrganization 243Leila Kawar43 International Organization forMigration 248Jan Klabbers44 International Student 252Tesseltje de Lange45 Irregular Migration 258Alessia Di Pascale46 Labour Rights 263Arwen Joyce47 League of Arab States 270Mervat Rishmawi48 Legal Assistance 276Andrea Saccucci49 LGBTQ+ Migrant 282Janna Wessels50 Mass Influx 289Meltem Ineli Ciger51 Migrant 295Vincent Chetail52 Migrant in Situations ofVulnerability 303Delphine Nakache andChristiana Essie Sagay53 Migrant Women 309Christel Querton54 Migrant Worker 314Alan Desmond55 Migration Crisis 320Jaya Ramji-Nogales56 Migration Governance 325Antoine Pécoud57 Migration Partnership 330Paula García Andrade58 Missing Migrant 336Gabriella Citroni59 Mixed Migration 343Marina Sharpe60 Mobility 347Iris Goldner Lang61 Nationality 352Peter J. Spiro62 Naturalization 357Bruno Nascimbene63 Non-discrimination 363Karin de Vries64 Non-refoulement 371Cornelis (Kees) Wouters andCameron Shilton65 Office of the United NationsHigh Commissioner for HumanRights 377Pia Oberoi66 Office of the United NationsHigh Commissioner forRefugees 381Jay Ramasubramanyam67 Organization of AmericanStates 386Jean-Pierre Gauci andGeorgia Greville68 Palestinian Refugees 392Francesca P. Albanese69 Persecution 397Hélène Lambert70 Private Sector 402Daria Davitti71 Protracted Displacement 408Mansha Mohee72 Racism 417E. Tendayi Achiume73 Readmission Agreement 423Mariagiulia Giuffré74 Recruitment 428Fay Faraday75 Refugee 434Guy S. Goodwin-Gill76 Refugee Camp 440Maja Janmyr and Nora Milch77 Refugee Status 444Vincent Chetail andJittawadee Chotinukul78 Refugee Status DeterminationProcedure 449Daniel Ghezelbash79 Regional Human Rights Courts 455Cathryn Costello and Vera Wriedt80 Regularization 462Alan Desmond81 Remittances 468Alan Desmond82 Resettlement 473Susan Kneebone83 Return and Reintegration 477Izabella Majcher84 Right to Health 483Mary E. Crock85 Right to Information 490Liliana Lyra Jubilut86 Right to Leave and to Return 496Nora Markard87 Rule of Law and Due ProcessGuarantees 501Jens Vedsted-Hansen88 Safe Third Country 506Eleni Karageorgiou89 Schengen Area 512Daniel Thym90 Search and Rescue 517Efthymios Papastavridis91 Seasonal Migrant Workers 523Bethany Hastie and Sofia Cornejo92 Sexual Exploitation 529Isabel Lirola-Delgado93 Smuggling of Migrants 534Andreas Schloenhardt94 Social Rights 539Annick Pijnenburg95 Sovereignty 544Sylvie Sarolea96 Statelessness 550Bronwen Manby97 Stranded Migrant 558Luc Leboeuf98 Terrorism 562Ben Saul99 Third World Approaches toInternational Law (TWAIL) 568Vincent Chetail100 Trafficking in Persons 574Siobhán Mullally101 Travel Document 580Luuk van der Baaren andDimitry V. Kochenov102 United Nations Relief andWorks Agency for PalestineRefugeesin the Near East(UNRWA) 585Lex Takkenberg103 United Nations Treaty Bodies 590Alan Desmond104 Visa 599Annalisa Meloni105 Voluntary Repatriation 605Marjoleine Zieck106 World Trade Organization 609Marion Panizzon and Amanda Bisong

‘This indispensable volume is comprehensive and timely. The contributions by leading experts on migration, law and policy respond to the urgent need to clarify concepts, dispel myths and identify both the reach of the law and gaps in the normative structure.’

Edited by Vincent Chetail, Professor of Public International Law and Director, Global Migration Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Switzerland

• ContentsPreface xiii1 African Union 1Tadesse Abebe and Lea von Martius2 Association of Southeast AsianNations 6Jittawadee Chotinukul3 Asylum 14Vincent Chetail4 Asylum Seeker 21María-Teresa Gil-Bazo5 Bilateral Agreement 25Andrea Spagnolo6 Border Control 29Boldizsár Nagy7 Child Migrants 36Liline Steyn8 Cities 43Moritz Baumgärtel9 Civil Society 50Massimo Frigo10 Climate Change 57Walter Kälin11 Complementary Protection 64Jane McAdam12 Consular Protection andAssistance 70Madalina Moraru13 Council of Europe 76Elspeth Guild14 COVID-19 82Ian M. Kysel15 Crimmigration 88José A. Brandariz16 Detention 93Galina Cornelisse17 Diaspora 99Larissa van den Herik18 Digital Technology 103Ana Beduschi19 Diplomatic Assurances 109William Thomas Worster20 Diplomatic Protection 115Eileen Denza21 Entry Ban 119Izabella Majcher22 European Border and CoastGuard Agency (Frontex) 124Giulia Raimondo23 European Union 130Philippe De Bruycker24 European Union Agency forAsylum 136Evangelia (Lilian) Tsourdi25 Expulsion 140Tamas Molnar26 Externalization 147Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen27 Extradition 152Stefano Maffei28 Extraterritorial Jurisdiction 157Cedric Ryngaert29 Family Reunification 162Mariana Ferolla Vallandro do Valle30 Feminism 168Natasha Yacoub31 Forced Labour and Slavery 177Natalia Szablewska32 Free Movement Agreement 184Sara Iglesias Sánchez33 Freedom of Religion or Belief 190Nazila Ghanea and Thiago Alves Pinto34 Frontier Worker 195Sandra Mantu35 Global Compact for Safe,Orderly and Regular Migration 200Vincent Chetail36 Global Compact on Refugees 206Madeline Garlick37 Human Rights of Migrants 212Vincent Chetail38 Integrated Border Management 219Giulia Raimondo39 Integration 226Ulrike Brandl40 Interception at Sea 232Itamar Mann41 Internally Displaced Persons 238Cecilia Jimenez-Damary42 International LabourOrganization 243Leila Kawar43 International Organization forMigration 248Jan Klabbers44 International Student 252Tesseltje de Lange45 Irregular Migration 258Alessia Di Pascale46 Labour Rights 263Arwen Joyce47 League of Arab States 270Mervat Rishmawi48 Legal Assistance 276Andrea Saccucci49 LGBTQ+ Migrant 282Janna Wessels50 Mass Influx 289Meltem Ineli Ciger51 Migrant 295Vincent Chetail52 Migrant in Situations ofVulnerability 303Delphine Nakache andChristiana Essie Sagay53 Migrant Women 309Christel Querton54 Migrant Worker 314Alan Desmond55 Migration Crisis 320Jaya Ramji-Nogales56 Migration Governance 325Antoine Pécoud57 Migration Partnership 330Paula García Andrade58 Missing Migrant 336Gabriella Citroni59 Mixed Migration 343Marina Sharpe60 Mobility 347Iris Goldner Lang61 Nationality 352Peter J. Spiro62 Naturalization 357Bruno Nascimbene63 Non-discrimination 363Karin de Vries64 Non-refoulement 371Cornelis (Kees) Wouters andCameron Shilton65 Office of the United NationsHigh Commissioner for HumanRights 377Pia Oberoi66 Office of the United NationsHigh Commissioner forRefugees 381Jay Ramasubramanyam67 Organization of AmericanStates 386Jean-Pierre Gauci andGeorgia Greville68 Palestinian Refugees 392Francesca P. Albanese69 Persecution 397Hélène Lambert70 Private Sector 402Daria Davitti71 Protracted Displacement 408Mansha Mohee72 Racism 417E. Tendayi Achiume73 Readmission Agreement 423Mariagiulia Giuffré74 Recruitment 428Fay Faraday75 Refugee 434Guy S. Goodwin-Gill76 Refugee Camp 440Maja Janmyr and Nora Milch77 Refugee Status 444Vincent Chetail andJittawadee Chotinukul78 Refugee Status DeterminationProcedure 449Daniel Ghezelbash79 Regional Human Rights Courts 455Cathryn Costello and Vera Wriedt80 Regularization 462Alan Desmond81 Remittances 468Alan Desmond82 Resettlement 473Susan Kneebone83 Return and Reintegration 477Izabella Majcher84 Right to Health 483Mary E. Crock85 Right to Information 490Liliana Lyra Jubilut86 Right to Leave and to Return 496Nora Markard87 Rule of Law and Due ProcessGuarantees 501Jens Vedsted-Hansen88 Safe Third Country 506Eleni Karageorgiou89 Schengen Area 512Daniel Thym90 Search and Rescue 517Efthymios Papastavridis91 Seasonal Migrant Workers 523Bethany Hastie and Sofia Cornejo92 Sexual Exploitation 529Isabel Lirola-Delgado93 Smuggling of Migrants 534Andreas Schloenhardt94 Social Rights 539Annick Pijnenburg95 Sovereignty 544Sylvie Sarolea96 Statelessness 550Bronwen Manby97 Stranded Migrant 558Luc Leboeuf98 Terrorism 562Ben Saul99 Third World Approaches toInternational Law (TWAIL) 568Vincent Chetail100 Trafficking in Persons 574Siobhán Mullally101 Travel Document 580Luuk van der Baaren andDimitry V. Kochenov102 United Nations Relief andWorks Agency for PalestineRefugeesin the Near East(UNRWA) 585Lex Takkenberg103 United Nations Treaty Bodies 590Alan Desmond104 Visa 599Annalisa Meloni105 Voluntary Repatriation 605Marjoleine Zieck106 World Trade Organization 609Marion Panizzon and Amanda Bisong

‘This indispensable volume is comprehensive and timely. The contributions by leading experts on migration, law and policy respond to the urgent need to clarify concepts, dispel myths and identify both the reach of the law and gaps in the normative structure.’