Elgar Companion to the World Trade Organization

Edited by Julien Chaisse, Professor, School of Law, City University of Hong Kong and Chairman, Asia Pacific FDI Forum, Hong Kong SAR and Cristián Rodríguez-Chiffelle, Luksic Visiting Scholar, David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard University, US, and a senior advisor to the Boston Consulting Group

• Contents:Foreword: new thinking for renewed global trade cooperation xxxiii Anabel González Foreword: building a new engine for the multilateral trading system xxxvi Marion Jansen 1 WTO’s legacy, roadblocks, and future in global economic regulation: an introduction 1 Julien Chaisse and Cristián Rodríguez-Chiffelle PART I DIGITALIZATION 2 Seizing artificial intelligence’s trade promise: the role of international agreements 22 David Weller and Nicholas Bramble 3 Cybersecurity and trade governance 35 Shin-yi Peng 4 The liberalization of digital trade by the WTO: opportunities and challenges for SMEs 51 by David Collins 5 Electronic payments and the WTO 69 Usman Ahmed and Martín Molinuevo 6 Trade digitalization and taxation 90 Irma Johanna Mosquera Valderrama 7 Digital transformation of public procurement: WTO’s historical and ongoing role 108 Jędrzej Górski 8 Trade and competition policy 151 Aditi Sara Verghese 9 WTO and intellectual property law in the creative economy 169 Rostam J. Neuwirth 10 Digitalization of special economic zones in China 186 Jie (Jeanne) Huang 11 Trade digitalisation in the APEC region 207Peter Lovelock and Eduardo Pedrosa12 Balancing commitments to cross-border data flows with domestic regulation 223Joshua P. Meltzer13 International trade rule-making for the digital economy 243Simon B. C. Lacey14 The legal infrastructure for the digital transformation: the UNCITRAL framework 257Anna Joubin-Bret and Alexander KunzelmannPART II FACILITATION AND ESG15 Public-private partnerships for trade facilitation 271Philippe Isler16 The WTO approach to trade facilitation in goods and services 287Tomohiko Kobayashi17 Investment facilitation at the WTO: What’s old? What’s new? What’s missing? 301Rodrigo Polanco and Cristián Rodríguez-Chiffelle18 Forging the trade-development nexus in the WTO and FTAs 325Pasha L. Hsieh19 Trade and development for a more inclusive and sustainable future 341Jennifer Blanke and Asmita Parshotam20 Services domestic regulation in the WTO 361Jaime Coghi and Markus Jelitto21 Revitalizing TRIPs as global norm-setter for geographical indications 377Danny Friedmann22 The new politics of trade: trade in value added and the made in the world initiative 397Hubert Escaith23 Gender social norms: new trade barriers addressed by policy 416Anoush der Boghossian24 Trade and environment 435Nathalie Bernasconi-Osterwalder, Soledad Leal Campos and Sofia Baliño25 Trade and climate change 457Kimberley Botwright and Jeremy Stewart26 Energy in WTO law and policy 477Damilola S. Olawuyi and Elena I. Athwal27 From social clause to policy space: the trade union narrative on the WTO 493Pierre HabbardPART III PACIFICATION28 Evaluating the interaction between and compatibility of the global anti-base erosion proposal with international trade rules 506Jeffrey Owens and Joy W. Ndubai29 Trade enforcement tools and international taxation: a digital services tax case study 535Stephen E. Shay30 Addressing environmentally harmful subsidies using trade rules: a historical perspective 551Ronald Steenblik31 How do political relations affect international trade? 574Gregory Whitten32 The new dimension of human rights in U.S. trade policy 599Joel Slawotsky33 The WTO new national security challenge 619Georgios Dimitropoulos34 Nearshoring and regional value chains: are they the new normal? 638Miguel Braun, Pablo M. García and Daiana Fernández Molero35 A free trade area of the Asia-Pacific for the Asian century 660Mark Feldman36 New rules for a challenged trading system: the role of safeguards 676Robert Z. Lawrence37 The future of dispute resolution and arbitration at WTO 691Petros C. Mavroidis38 Trade sanctions as a tool of war and peace: examining the EU’s sanctions regime in the light of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine 707Martin Steinfeld39 Trade for peace: the past, present, and future 730Alan Wm. WolffPART IV COUNTRY AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES40 The EU and the WTO 748Christian Freudlsperger and Sophie Meunier41 The United States and the WTO: muddling through a trade war 760Elli Louka42 China and the WTO: what happens after a honeymoon 772Sungjin Kang43 India at the WTO: torn between multilateralism and domestic Interests? 782Debashis Chakraborty44 Brazil in the WTO 795Roberto Azevêdo and Tatiana Prazeres45 Russia and the WTO: a time to throw stones or to gather stones? 805Ilia Rachkov and Elizaveta Rachkova46 Africa and WTO: maximizing the benefits of trade multilaterally and regionally 824Mariam Soumaré and Kwabena Bandoh47 WTO, quo vadis? A Latin American perspective 847Shunko Rojas and Cristián Rodríguez-Chiffelle48 Southeast Asia and the World Trade Organization 856Intan Murnira Ramli, Edo Setyadi and Michelle Chandra Kasih49 WTO law and policy in the Pacific Island nations: the case of Fiji 867Muhammad Faliq Abdul Razak and Sufian Jusoh50 Least developed countries and the World Trade Organization: supporting graduation and reducing marginalisation in global trade 877Daniel Gay and Jodie KeaneIndex 887

‘The breadth and depth of this collection illustrate the manifold challenges confronting the World Trade Organization as it navigates increasingly turbulent geo-economic waters into the depths of the twenty-first century. Organized into four sections covering digitalization, facilitation, pacification through dispute settlement, and country as well as regional perspectives on a host of systemic matters such as sustainability and inclusion, it is a ready reference for those seeking navigational guidance to where the system is headed. Congratulations to Julien Chaisse and Cristián Rodríguez-Chiffelle for their vision and dedication to marshalling this interesting assemblage of eminent scholars and authors.’