In the field of the life sciences, China and India are seen as both emerging ‘dragons’ and as ‘elephants’. Both countries have formidable resources and are determined to have their presence felt, but do these scientific ‘dragons’ abide by the rules? This book provides essential insight into the logic of science governance and strategic disobedience, exploring critical events including gene research, stem cell therapies, GM crops, CRISPR technologies and the COVID-19 pandemic. It argues that as science outgrows traditional colonies of expertise and authority, good governance must be decolonised to acquire the capacity to think from and with others.