Elements of Ecology

Thomas M. Smith, Associate Professor in Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia, received his Ph.D. in ecology from the University of Tennessee in 1982. The main focus of his research over the past two decades has been to develop an individual based theory of community and ecosystems dynamics. As part of this work he has served on numerous national and international panels that have addressed the potential influence of human activities on the global environment. He has authored over 70 publications based on his research, and he has been recognized as one of the most cited scientists in the field of global change research.Thomas’s work has taken him to over 70 countries and 6 continents. He has served on the faculty of the University of Witwatersrand (Johannesburg, South Africa), Australian National University (Canberra, Australia), as well as the University of Virginia (Charlottesville, VA, USA). In addition, he has held research scientist positions at both Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Oak Ridge, TN, USA) and the Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Laxenburg, Austria). His has over 20 years of experience teaching the science of ecology to both science and non-science majors.Robert L. Smith holds a Ph.D. in Wildlife Biology from Cornell University. He is Professor Emeritus of Ecology at West Virginia University. He has spent over 30 years teaching Ecology and conducting field research throughout the world.His teaching responsibilities have involved mostly undergraduate courses in general ecology and graduate courses in population ecology and wildlife management. His research has included forest-fire related problems in southern West Virginia, vegetational development and succession on abandoned and reclaimed surface mines, the relation between forest vegetational structure and the forest bird community, and forest habitat assessment and habitat evaluation procedures based on vegetational structure.Smith has served as a consultant to congressional committees, workshops on environmental education and energy and environmental problems, the National Landmarks program of the U.S. Department of Interior, National Research Council Task Forces on wildlife and fisheries issues and ecological classification systems for implementing environmental quality evaluation procedures.

• Brief Contents The Nature of EcologyClimateThe Aquatic EnvironmentThe Terrestrial EnvironmentAdaptation and Natural SelectionPlant Adaptations to the EnvironmentAnimal Adaptations to the EnvironmentProperties of PopulationsPopulation GrowthLife HistoryIntraspecific Population RegulationSpecies Interactions, Population Dynamics, and Natural SelectionInterspecific CompetitionPredationParasitism and MutualismCommunity StructureFactors Influencing the Structure of CommunitiesCommunity DynamicsLandscape DynamicsEcosystem EnergeticsDecomposition and Nutrient CyclingBiogeochemical CyclesTerrestrial EcosystemsAquatic EcosystemsCoastal and Wetland EcosystemsLarge-Scale Patterns of Biological DiversityGlobal Climate Change