Dale Patrick was a Professor in the Department of Applied Engineering and Technology at Eastern Kentucky University. His experience includes teaching and organizing laboratory classes in Electrical Engineering/Electronics Technology for many years. He completed Bachelor of Science and Graduate Degrees at Indiana State University. His experience also includes research projects, technical teacher training, and energy consulting for business and industry. He and Dr. Fardo have co-authored over 30 textbooks and laboratory manuals.Stephen Fardo is currently a Foundation Professor in the Department of Applied Engineering and Technology at Eastern Kentucky University. His experience includes teaching and organizing laboratory classes in Electrical Engineering/Electronics Technology for many years and coordinating/advising technical teacher programs for the State of Kentucky. He completed Bachelor of Science, Master of Science and Doctoral degrees at Eastern Kentucky University and University of Kentucky. His experience also includes research projects, technical teacher education, and energy consulting for business and industry. He and Dale Patrick have co-authored over 30 textbooks and laboratory manuals.Ray Richardson is a Professor in the Department of Applied Engineering and Technology at Eastern Kentucky University. His experience includes teaching and organizing lecture and laboratory classes in Electrical Engineering/Electronics Technology since 1985 as well as teaching technical seminars, technical writing, and classes in the graduate program. He completed Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees at Eastern Illinois University, and a doctorate level degree at the University of Illinois. He is a certified Technology Manager at Senior level by ATMAE. Other experience includes research projects in technical education and consulting in the manufacturing, food, and electronics areas.Vigyan (Vigs) Chandra is a professor and coordinator of the Cyber Systems Technology-related undergraduate and graduate degree programs offered by the Departments of Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT) and Applied Engineering and Technology (AET) at Eastern Kentucky University. He earned a doctoral degree from the University of Kentucky in Electrical and Computer Engineering and a master’s degree in Career and Technical Education from Eastern. He holds certifications in various computer networking areas and teaches computer systems and applications, network hardware, communication systems, and digital, analog, and machine-control electronics. He is the recipient of the 2020–21 Critical Thinking and Reading Teacher Awards and the 2013 Golden Apple Award for Teaching Excellence at Eastern. His professional interests include implementing active teaching and learning strategies, metacognition, and integrating open-source software/hardware with online control and computer networking technologies.

• Chapter Outline Learning Objectives Key Terms Figure List Chapter Summary Formulas Answers to Examples / Self-Exams Glossary of Terms (defined)

Dale Patrick was a Professor in the Department of Applied Engineering and Technology at Eastern Kentucky University. His experience includes teaching and organizing laboratory classes in Electrical Engineering/Electronics Technology for many years. He completed Bachelor of Science and Graduate Degrees at Indiana State University. His experience also includes research projects, technical teacher training, and energy consulting for business and industry. He and Dr. Fardo have co-authored over 30 textbooks and laboratory manuals.Stephen Fardo is currently a Foundation Professor in the Department of Applied Engineering and Technology at Eastern Kentucky University. His experience includes teaching and organizing laboratory classes in Electrical Engineering/Electronics Technology for many years and coordinating/advising technical teacher programs for the State of Kentucky. He completed Bachelor of Science, Master of Science and Doctoral degrees at Eastern Kentucky University and University of Kentucky. His experience also includes research projects, technical teacher education, and energy consulting for business and industry. He and Dale Patrick have co-authored over 30 textbooks and laboratory manuals.Ray Richardson is a Professor in the Department of Applied Engineering and Technology at Eastern Kentucky University. His experience includes teaching and organizing lecture and laboratory classes in Electrical Engineering/Electronics Technology since 1985 as well as teaching technical seminars, technical writing, and classes in the graduate program. He completed Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees at Eastern Illinois University, and a doctorate level degree at the University of Illinois. He is a certified Technology Manager at Senior level by ATMAE. Other experience includes research projects in technical education and consulting in the manufacturing, food, and electronics areas.Vigyan (Vigs) Chandra is a professor and coordinator of the Cyber Systems Technology-related undergraduate and graduate degree programs offered by the Departments of Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT) and Applied Engineering and Technology (AET) at Eastern Kentucky University. He earned a doctoral degree from the University of Kentucky in Electrical and Computer Engineering and a master’s degree in Career and Technical Education from Eastern. He holds certifications in various computer networking areas and teaches computer systems and applications, network hardware, communication systems, and digital, analog, and machine-control electronics. He is the recipient of the 2020–21 Critical Thinking and Reading Teacher Awards and the 2013 Golden Apple Award for Teaching Excellence at Eastern. His professional interests include implementing active teaching and learning strategies, metacognition, and integrating open-source software/hardware with online control and computer networking technologies.

• Chapter Outline Learning Objectives Key Terms Figure List Chapter Summary Formulas Answers to Examples / Self-Exams Glossary of Terms (defined)

Dale Patrick was a Professor in the Department of Applied Engineering and Technology at Eastern Kentucky University. His experience includes teaching and organizing laboratory classes in Electrical Engineering/Electronics Technology for many years. He completed Bachelor of Science and Graduate Degrees at Indiana State University. His experience also includes research projects, technical teacher training, and energy consulting for business and industry. He and Dr. Fardo have co-authored over 30 textbooks and laboratory manuals.Stephen Fardo is currently a Foundation Professor in the Department of Applied Engineering and Technology at Eastern Kentucky University. His experience includes teaching and organizing laboratory classes in Electrical Engineering/Electronics Technology for many years and coordinating/advising technical teacher programs for the State of Kentucky. He completed Bachelor of Science, Master of Science and Doctoral degrees at Eastern Kentucky University and University of Kentucky. His experience also includes research projects, technical teacher education, and energy consulting for business and industry. He and Dale Patrick have co-authored over 30 textbooks and laboratory manuals.Ray Richardson is a Professor in the Department of Applied Engineering and Technology at Eastern Kentucky University. His experience includes teaching and organizing lecture and laboratory classes in Electrical Engineering/Electronics Technology since 1985 as well as teaching technical seminars, technical writing, and classes in the graduate program. He completed Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees at Eastern Illinois University, and a doctorate level degree at the University of Illinois. He is a certified Technology Manager at Senior level by ATMAE. Other experience includes research projects in technical education and consulting in the manufacturing, food, and electronics areas.Vigyan (Vigs) Chandra is a professor and coordinator of the Cyber Systems Technology-related undergraduate and graduate degree programs offered by the Departments of Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT) and Applied Engineering and Technology (AET) at Eastern Kentucky University. He earned a doctoral degree from the University of Kentucky in Electrical and Computer Engineering and a master’s degree in Career and Technical Education from Eastern. He holds certifications in various computer networking areas and teaches computer systems and applications, network hardware, communication systems, and digital, analog, and machine-control electronics. He is the recipient of the 2020–21 Critical Thinking and Reading Teacher Awards and the 2013 Golden Apple Award for Teaching Excellence at Eastern. His professional interests include implementing active teaching and learning strategies, metacognition, and integrating open-source software/hardware with online control and computer networking technologies.

• Chapter Outline Learning Objectives Key Terms Figure List Chapter Summary Formulas Answers to Examples / Self-Exams Glossary of Terms (defined)