Electromagnetic Interference and Electromagnetic Compatibility

L. Ashok Kumar was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow from San Diego State University, California. He was selected among seven scientists from India for the BHAVAN Fellowship from the Indo-US Science and Technology Forum and also, he received SYST Fellowship from DST, Govt. of India. He has 3 years of industrial experience and 22 years of academic and research experience. He has published 173 technical papers in international and national journals and presented 167 papers in national and international conferences. He has completed 26 Government of India-funded projects worth about 15 crores and currently 9 projects are in progress worth about 12 crores. He has developed 27 products, out of which 23 products have been technology transferred to industries and for government funding agencies. He has created eight centres of excellence at PSG Tech in collaboration with government agencies and industries namely, His PhD work on wearable electronics earned him a national award from ISTE, and he has received 26 awards at the national and international levels. He has guided 92 graduate and postgraduate projects. He has produced 10 PhD scholars, and 12 candidates are doing PhD under his supervision. He has visited many countries for institute–industry collaboration and as a keynote speaker. He has been an invited speaker in 345 programmes. Also, he has organized 102 events, including conferences, workshops, and seminars. He completed his graduate programme in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from University of Madras and his postgraduate degree from PSG College of Technology, India, and Master’s in Business Administration from IGNOU, New Delhi. After completion of his graduate degree, he joined as a project engineer in Serval Paper Boards Ltd., Coimbatore (now ITC Unit, Kovai). Presently he is working as a Professor in the Department of EEE, PSG College of Technology. He is also a Certified Charted Engineer and BSI Certified ISO 500001 2008 Lead Auditor. He has authored 24 books in his areas of interest published by Springer, CRC Press, Elsevier, Nova Publishers, Cambridge University Press, Wiley, Lambert Publishing, and IGI Global. He has 11 patents, 1 design patent, and 2 copyrights to his credit and also has contributed 23 chapters in various books. He is also the Chairman of Indian Association of Energy Management Professionals and Executive Member in Institution of Engineers, Coimbatore, Vice President of Sustainability and Energy Practitioners Association, Executive Council Member in Institute of Smart Structure and Systems, Bangalore, and Associate Member in CODISSIA. He is also holding prestigious positions in various national and international forums, and he is a Fellow Member in IET (UK), Fellow Member in IETE, Fellow Member in IE, and Senior Member in IEEE. He has been appointed as Nodal Officer for Technology Enabling Centre, Anna University to strengthen industry–academic interaction and to promote technology development ecosystem.Y. Uma Maheswari is a PhD scholar in Karpagam Academy of Higher Education. Currently working in Cognizant Technology Solutions, Coimbatore, she has around 22 years of experience in the field of PCB design, simulation software, and quality assurance engineering. She has completed her graduation programme in Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita Institute of Technology, Coimbatore and her postgraduation programme in Embedded System Technologies, Anna University, Coimbatore. She has authored three books published by Elsevier, UK, Cambridge University Press, UK, and Nova Science publishers, US. She has also published many papers in national and international conferences and in reputed journals. She is also a Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) N3 Certificate holder.

• Chapter 1. Introduction to Electromagnetic Interference and Electromagnetic Compatibility. 1.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum – Time Domain – Frequency Domain. 1.2 Spectrum Analysis: Time Domain and Frequency Domain. 1.3 EMI Effects on Humans and Other Electronic Appliances. 1.4 Basics of Differential Mode current and common mode Current. 1.5 EMI ISSUES and Mitigation. 1.6 Full-wave simulation techniques. 1.7 Equivalent series resistance and equivalent series inductance. 1.8 Impedance and its Effect on Electromagnetic Interference. 1.9 Materials. 1.10 EMC Testing. 1.11 EMC Standards. References. Chapter 2. Electromagnetic Interference Events. 2.1 EMI Measurement Techniques. 2.2 Radiated Emissions. 2.3 Radiated Emissions Checklist. 2.4 Radiated Emission Testing. 2.5 Test Setup for Radiated Emission Measurement. 2.6 Conducted Emission. 2.7 Conducted Emissions Checklist. 2.8 EMI Conducted Terminology. 2.9 Decible. 2.10 Standardized Measurements of Conducted EMI. 2.11 Conducted Emission Testing. 2.12 Measurement Selectivity. 2.13 Measuring Detectors. 2.14 Parameters Associated with EMI Measurement Techniques. 2.15 Troubleshooting at Your Facility. 2.16 Susceptibility Models for Wires and PCB Lands. 2.17 Antenna Design and Its Performance. 2.18 Conducted Susceptibility. 2.19 Troubleshooting at Your Facility. 2.20 Conducted Susceptibility Testing. 2.21 Circuit Topology. 2.22 Spread Spectrum Technique. 2.23 Spread Spectrum Clock. 2.24 Soft Switching Techniques. 2.25 Hard Switched and Soft Switched Power Converters. 2.26 Reduction in Printed Circuit Board (PCB). References. Chapter 3. EMI Filter. 3.1 EMI Filter Source Impedance of Various Power Lines. 3.2 Skin Effect. 3.3 Differences among Power Line Measurements. 3.4 EMC Filter Design. 3.5 Adaptation Principle of EMI Filters. 3.6 Electronic Filter Parameters. 3.7 Filter Configurations. 3.8 Operating Principle. 3.9 Insertion Loss. 3.10 Steps in the Design of a Power Line EMI Filter. 3.11 Differential Mode (DM) vs Common Mode (CM) Interference Currents. 3.12 Differential-Mode Design Goals. 3.13 Differential-Mode Filter Input Impedance. 3.14 Differential-Mode Filter Output Impedance. 3.15 Input and Output Impedance for a DC Filter. 3.16 Common-Mode Design Goals. 3.17 Estimation of the Common-Mode Source Impedance. 3.18 Methods of Reducing the Inductor Value due to High Current. 3.19 Design Criteria. 3.20 Component nonidealities. 3.21 High-frequency differential-mode filtering. 3.22 Ferrite bead selection. 3.23 Filter damping. 3.24 Filter  Requirements. 3.25 Filter Selection. 3.26 Typical EMI Filters. 3.27 Filter Components. 3.28 Filter Components— the Inductor. References. Chapter 4. EMI/EMC Design for Printed Circuit Boards. 4.1 Controlling Emi Sources - Unintentional Sources. 4.2 Intentional Current Spectrum. 4.3 Trace Current for Decoupling Analysis. 4.4 Internal Differential Signal Lines. 4.5 I/O Differential Signal Lines. 4.6 Crosstalk Analysis. 4.7 Printed Circuit Board Layout. 4.8 Pc Board Stack-Up. 4.9 Multi Layer Board. 4.10 Six Layer Board. 4.11 Four Layer Board. 4.12 One and Two Layer Board. 4.13 Component Placement. 4.14 Isolation. 4.15 Power Distribution for Two Layer Board. 4.16 Layout for Susceptibility. References. Chapter 5. EMI and EMC Simulation Softwares. 5.1 EM Work. 5.2 EM Work Products. 5.3 A Transformer Software and Calculation. 5.4 A Motor Software and a Calculator. 5.5 About HF WORKS. 5.6 Versatile High Frequency and High-Speed Tool. 5.7 User Friendly Interface and Embedded Learning Materials. 5.8 HFWORKS Add-Ins. 5.9 About Motor Wizard. 5.10 Features and Capabilities. 5.11 Motor Wizard Results. 5.12 EM Works 2d. 5.13 Features and Capabilities. 5.14 Applications. 5.15 Power Si. 5.16 Traditional Si Simulation. 5.17 Power – Aware Solution. 5.18 Power – Aware Solution Available in Sigrity Technology. 5.19 Features. 5.20 Benefits. 5.21 CST Studio Suite. 5.22 Design Environment. 5.23 Simulation. 5.24 Applications. 5.25 Benefits. 5.26 Applications of Momentum 3d Planar Em Simulator. 5.27 COMSOL. 5.28 NEWFASANT. 5.29 Applications. 5.30 Mom Module For Antenna And Rcs Design And Analysis. 5.31 BEM & FEM. 5.32 Finite Element Method Magnetics. 5.33 Key Features. 5.34 EM Pro Software. 5.35 Empro Delivers The Following Key Capabilities. 5.36 Finite Element Method (FEM). 5.37 Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD). 5.38 Typical Empro Applications. 5.39 Empro Environment Overview. 5.40 MOTOR-CAD. 5.41 Ferritemagnetic Design Tool. 5.42 Emi Simulation Advances. 5.43 Buzz Around Emi Simulation. 5.44 Smaller Electronics, Bigger Challenges. 5.45 Multi Physics Approach. 5.46 Evolving Challenges. 5.47 Emi Software Meet-Up Standards. 5.48 Domain Standards. References. Chapter 6. Instruments for EMI Measurements. 6.1 Need of Instrumentation for EMI Measurements. 6.2 ESD Generator. 6.3 Reinforcement Learning for Circuit Model Optimization. 6.4 RL-based Methodology for Circuit-Optimization. 6.5 Line Impedance Stabilisation Network (LISN). 6.6 Network Analyser. 6.7 Spectrum Analyzer. 6.8 Signal Generators. 6.9 EMI Measurement Using Antenna. 6.10 Surge Generators. 6.11 Current Probes. 6.12 Oscilloscopes. 6.13 EMI Receivers. 6.14 Near Field Probes. References. Chapter 7. EMI using MATLAB. 7.1 About the Software. 7.2 Voltage Source Three Level Inverter. 7.3 High Gain DC-DC Converter using Voltage Multiplier. References. Chapter 8. EMI using PSPICE. 8.1. PSPICE Introduction. 8.2 Bipolar Symmetric Output DC - DC Converter. 8.3 Multilevel Inverter for Grid Application. References. Chapter 9. EMI using ADS. 9.1 About he Software and Introduction. 9.2 Interleaved Buck-Boost Converter for Single Phase onboard Charger for Electric Vehicle. 9.3 Motoring Mode for Low Power EV using Buck Converter. 9.4.Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter with Coupled-Inductor for Solar PV Applications. References