Electrocatalytic Materials for Renewable Energy

Sudeesh K. Shukla, PhD, is an assistant professor at the School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India, and adjunct faculty at the Department of Chemical Sciences at the University of Johannesburg in South Africa. His current research focuses on stimuli-encoded polymeric and two-dimensional-based nanobioreactors for novel sensor fabrication and actuation technologies. He is an associate editor of the International Journal of Advanced Engineering & Global Technology. Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain, PhD, is an adjunct professor and director of labs in the Department of Chemistry & Environmental Sciences at the New Jersey Institute of Technology in Newark, New Jersey. His research focuses on the application of nanotechnology & advanced technologies and materials, analytical chemistry, environmental management, and various industries. He has written numerous papers in peer-reviewed journals and editor of scientific monographs and handbooks. Santanu Patra, PhD, is located in the Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark. He received his doctorate in chemistry from the Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad. His research focuses on novel lab-on-a-chip sensing technology along with fabrications of separation devices by integrating functional materials with micro and nanosystems. Meenakshi Choudhary, PhD, is an assistant professor at the School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Her main research focuses on improving electrical interfacing between biological systems and electronics. She has more than 30 publications in international peer-reviewed journals.

• Preface xiii1 An Introduction to the Exploration of the Electronic Structure Properties of Biologically Active Natural Compounds Using Quantum Chemical Methods 1Ashok Kumar Mishra, Satya Prakash Tewari and Aniket Kumar1.1 Natural Compounds: Past, Present, and Future 11.2 Theoretical Framework for Quantum Chemical Calculations 41.3 Theoretical Framework for Biological Activity 211.4 Future Scope 232 Facile Synthesis of Hybrid Fe3O4/ZnO Nanosphere Composites and Their Potential Applications in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 27Y. Prapawasit, P. Hemnil, V. Karthikeyan, T. Wongwuttanasatian, Müslüm Arici and V. Seithtanabutara2.1 Introduction 282.2 Materials and Methods 302.3 Results and Discussion 322.4 Conclusion 443 Study and Analysis of Hybrid Nanofluid-Based Heat Pipes for Renewable Energy Applications 49Ramkumar Venkatasamy, Joshuva Arockia Dhanraj, Nadanakumar Vinayagam, Chatchai Sirisamphanwong, Karthikeyan Velmurugan, Rattaporn Ngoenmeesri and Chattariya Sirisamphanwong3.1 Introduction 503.2 Materials and Methods 533.3 Methodology and Experimental Analysis 543.4 Results and Discussion 563.5 Conclusion 664 Nanosilver-Based Electrocatalytic Materials 71Ahmed Mourtada Elseman and Sabah M. Abdelbasir4.1 Introduction 714.2 Synthesis Methodologies of Silver-Based Nanomaterials 734.3 Electrocatalysis 824.4 Conclusions 975 Noble Metal-Based Nanocatalysts Dispersed on Functionalized and Alternative Supports for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers 111F.J. Rodríguez-Varela, I.L. Alonso-Lemus, J.C. Martínez-Loyola, A. Torres-Núñez, R. Chávez-Alcázar, P.C. Meléndez-González and M.E. Sánchez-Castro5.1 Introduction 1125.2 Electrochemical Reactions in Low-Temperature Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers 1145.3 Covalently Functionalized Supports for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers 1175.4 Alternative Carbon Supports for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers 1235.5 Comparison of the Performance of Nanocatalysts for Fuel Cell and Electrolyzer Reactions 1336 Metal Oxide-Based Electrocatalytic Materials for Hydrogen Evolution and Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction 151Amit Mall, Akshaya K. Palai, Pratap Chandra Padhi, Sudheesh K. Shukla, Rashmiprava Sahoo, Trupti R. Das, Santanu Patra and Deepak Kumar6.1 Introduction 1526.2 Electrochemical Method 1546.3 Electrocatalysis 1546.4 Metal Oxide-Based Catalyst 1577 Metal--Organic Framework-Based Electrocatalytic Materials 165Athira Krishnan, Rijith S., Sumi V. S. and Bhagya T. C.7.1 Introduction 1667.2 Mechanism of Conduction in MOFs 1677.3 Types of Conductive MOFs 1727.4 Conductive MOFs in Various Electrocatalytic Applications 1747.5 Challenges and Forthcoming Outlook 1817.6 Conclusion 1838 Carbonaceous Materials for Supercapattery 195J.R. Low, H.N. Lim, I. Ibrahim, C. Y. Foo and Z. Zainal8.1 Introduction 1968.2 Mechanism and the Fundamental of Supercapattery 1978.3 Utilization of Carbonaceous Materials in Supercapattery Application 2008.4 Conclusion and Outlook 2149 Graphene-Based Electrocatalytic Materials Toward Electrochemical Water Splitting 229Prasanta Pattanayak, Paulomi Singh, Nitin Kumar Bansal, Snehangshu Mishra and Trilok Singh9.1 Introduction 2309.2 Electrochemical Water Splitting: Principles and Mechanism 2339.3 Synthesis Methods of Graphene 2379.4 Graphene as Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting 2439.5 Graphene in Combination with Other Nanostructures 2549.6 Conclusion 25810 Graphene Electrocatalysts: New Insights Into the Current State of Water Splitting 271R. Rajalakshmi, A. Rebekah and N. Ponpandian10.1 Introduction 27210.2 Overview of Electrochemical Water Splitting 27310.3 Electrocatalyst Selection Criteria for Electrochemical Water Splitting 27910.4 Significance of Graphene as an Electrocatalyst 28010.5 Graphene-Based HER Electrocatalyst 28010.6 Graphene-Based OER Electrocatalyst 28510.7 Graphene-Based Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting 29010.8 Graphene in Combination with Other Nanostructures for Overall Water Splitting 29310.9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 29511 Environmental Electrocatalysis for Air Pollution Applications 303Anupama M. Pillai and Tanvir Arfin11.1 General Introduction 30411.2 Introduction of Air Pollution 30411.3 Global Scenario of Air Pollution 30511.4 Halogenated Organic Compounds (HOPs) 30811.5 Perfluorohexane Sulfonate (PFHxS) 31111.6 Methoxychlor (MXC) 31411.7 Dioxin and Furan 31711.8 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 32011.9 Future Research Direction 32111.10 Conclusions and Prospects 32212 Extraction and Purification of Cellulase Enzyme for Bioethanol Production and Its Usefulness as a Sustainable Biofuel 333Ayush Madan, Rakhi Dhiman, Rishabh Garg, Narotam Sharma and Syed Mohsin Waheed12.1 Introduction 33412.2 Ethanol as Fuel 33712.3 Materials and Methods 33912.4 Results 34212.5 Discussion 34712.6 Conclusion and Future Scope 34813 A Sustainable Catalytic Approach for Wastewater Bodies: An Innovation and Technological Point of View 353Anupama Rajput, Sudheesh K. Shukla, Ravi Kumar, Gaurav Jha, Vikas Kalia and Bindu Mangla13.1 Introduction 35413.2 Microbial Processes 35913.3 Factors Affecting the Rates of Bioremediation 35913.4 Bioremediation Treatment Processes 36113.5 Bioremediation 36713.6 Conclusion 36914 Electrocatalytic Materials for Renewable Energy: Perspectives and Initiatives 377Trupti R. Das, Rashmiprava Sahoo, Meenakshi Choudhary, Santanu Patra and Sudheesh K. Shukla14.1 What is the Importance of Renewable Energy in the Current Context? 37814.2 Renewable Energy Perspective: Connecting Net-Zero and Climate Neutrality Agendas 37914.3 Efforts of the United Nations to Promote Renewable Energy 38014.4 Goals for Promoting Renewable Energy in the Sustainable Development Agenda 38114.5 European Green Deal for the Promotion of Renewable Energy 38214.6 Initiatives from Different Nations to Support Renewable Energy 38414.7 Electrocatalytic Materials: Properties and Classification Toward Renewable Energy 38614.8 Electrocatalytic Materials: Various Applications in Renewable Energy 38814.9 Electrocatalytic Materials: Importance in Climate Neutral Renewable Energy 39014.10 Conclusion 391References 391Index 397