Effective Strategy for Safe Design in Engineering and Construction

David England is a safety and risk consultant at Attis Engineering Solutions Ltd. He has extensive experience in the manufacturing, retail, logistics, central government, and military sectors. Dr Andy Painting is founder of Attis Engineering Solutions Ltd (www.attis.org.uk). He has experience consulting in the safety and risk space in industries including the military and national defence, manufacturing, retail, logistics, and maritime trading.

• Figures ixTables xiForeword xiiiIntroduction 1Aims of the Book 1Who the Book is For 2How the Book is Structured 2Promoting Safe Design 4Example Case Studies 5Nuclear Power Plant 6Office Block 6Warship 6Home Printer 6Motor Car 6The Context of Design 7Design and the Product Life Cycle 7Influences on Design 9Preventing Error 13Safety as a Design Component 13Introduction—Summary 15Glossary of Terms 161 Elements of the Design Process 19Initiating Need 19Business Case 20Requirements Capture 20The Design Process 21Design Feasibility 21Design Specification 23Full or Technical Design 23Production Phase 24Validating the Design 24Lessons Learned 26The Design Process—Summary 272 The Regulatory Environment 29The Importance of Regulation in Design 29Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 31Environmental Protection Act 1990 34Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM) 34Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 40CE Marking 41Building Information Modelling 43Standards 44The “Four Cs” 46How Construction Regulations Align with the Design Process 48Benefits of Implementing CDM 48Pre-construction Including Design 52Construction Phase 53Handover and Use 55The Regulatory Environment—Summary 553 Design Process Considerations 57Management Structure and Delegations 57Client Relationship 58Documentation and Management Systems 63Communication and Dissemination 64Project Management Methodologies 66RIBA Plan of Work 67PRINCE2 68Environmental Impact and the Circular Economy 69The Circular Economy 72Environmental Impact—A Footnote 74Further Considerations 75Provision of Materials and Manufacturing Techniques 75Ergonomics and the Work Environment 76Space 77Air Quality 77Light—Quality, Quantity, Colour Temperature 78Green Spaces 78Anthropometry 79Spatial Design 79Operating and Maintenance Procedures in Service 79Training Provision 81Obsolescence 82Influences Surrounding the Product Life Cycle 84Managing/Maintaining the Design Objective 86Design Management—Summary 884 The Management of Risk 89The Importance of Managing Risk 89Risk Management Process 90The Risk Register 92Influences on Risk Management 93Risk Appetite 95External Influencing Factors 97Control Measures 103Risk Identification Tools 104Failure Modes Effects (and Criticality) Analysis 105Fault Tree Analysis 105Event Tree Analysis 106Probabilistic Risk Assessment 107Bow Tie Method 107General Principles of Prevention and the Hierarchy of Control 108CDM Deliverables in Support of Risk Management 114Pre-construction Information 115Construction Phase Plan 116Health and Safety File 117Competently Dealing with Risk 118Risk Management Summary 1205 Effective Design Strategy 123The Importance of an Effective Design Strategy 123Initiating Need 125Business Case 128“Make/Buy” and “Do Nothing” Approaches 129Key Stakeholder Engagement 130Responsibilities 131Design Risk Management 131Requirements Capture 135Initiating the Design Process 137Management Structure and Delegations 139Documentation and Management Systems 140Pre-construction Information 141Design Feasibility 144Environmental and External Influences 146Design A 148Design B 148Design C 149Design D 149General Principles of Prevention 150Design Review—Feasibility 153Additional Stakeholder Engagement 156Supplier Engagement 157User Requirements 158Design Specification 160Regulatory Environment 160Operating and Maintaining 161Design Review—Specification 163Full/Technical Design 166Design Review—Full 166Construction Phase Plan 167Production 170Production Risk Management 171Design Review—Validation 171Acceptance/Handover 172Health and Safety File 173In Service 176Risk Management in Service 177Training Provision 178Operation and Maintenance 180Repurposing 181Disposal 182Disposal Risk Assessment 183Bibliography 185Index 187

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