Michael I. Posner, PhD, is currently professor emeritus at the University of Oregon, Eugene, and adjunct professor of psychology in psychiatry at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, where he served as founding director of the Sackler Institute. Dr. Posner is best known for his work with Marcus E. Raichle on imaging the human brain during cognitive tasks. He has worked on the anatomy, circuitry, development, and genetics of three attentional networks underlying maintaining alertness, orienting to sensory events, and voluntary control of thoughts and ideas. His methods for measuring these networks have been applied to a wide range of neurological, psychiatric, and developmental disorders. Since 98 , he has worked with Mary K. Rothbart to understand the interaction of specific experience and genes in the development and efficiency of attentional networks. Mary K. Rothbart, PhD, is a distinguished professor emerita at the University of Oregon, Eugene. She studies temperament and emotional and social development, and for the last 25 years she has worked with Michael I. Posner studying the development of attention and its relation to temperamental effortful control. She coedited the book Temperament in Childhood and coauthored, with Holly Ruff, the book Attention in Early Development. She has also made contributions to the education and support of new parents through the Birth to Three organization in Eugene, Oregon. This year, the group honored her as a amp quot Champion for Children. amp quot