Kate Schreckenberg is a Reader in Development Geography at King’s College London, UK, and Director of the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) programme. Her research focuses on equity in natural resource governance. Georgina Mace is Professor of Biodiversity and Ecosystems and Director of the Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, UK, and scientific adviser to the ESPA research programme. Her research focuses on the causes and consequence of biodiversity loss and ecosystem change. Mahesh Poudyal is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) Programme Directorate. He is an environmental social scientist with research focusing on the poverty-environment nexus.

• Part I Evolving framings and contexts 1. Seeing the wood for the trees: exploring the evolution of frameworks of ecosystem services for human wellbeing 2. Justice and equity: emerging research and policy approaches to address ecosystem service trade-offs 3. Social-ecological systems approaches: revealing and navigating the complex trade-offs of sustainable development 4. Limits and thresholds: setting global, local and regional safe operating spaces Part II Ongoing and rapid system changes 5. Interactions of migration and population dynamics with ecosystem services 6. Land use intensification: the promise of sustainability and the reality of trade-offs 7. Ecosystem services and poverty alleviation in urbanising contexts 8. Reciprocal commitments for addressing forest-water relationships 9. Restoration of ecosystems and ecosystem services Part III Improving governance 10. Governing for ecosystem health and human wellbeing 11. Co-generating knowledge on ecosystem services and the role of new technologies 12. PES: Payments for ecosystem services and poverty alleviation? 13. Scaling-up conditional transfers for environmental protection and poverty alleviation 14. Social impacts of protected areas: exploring evidence of trade-offs and synergies Part IV Achieving sustainable wellbeing 15. Multiple dimensions of wellbeing in practice 16. Gender and ecosystem services: a blind spot 17. Resilience and wellbeing for sustainability 18. Insights for sustainable small-scale fisheries Part V Concluding thoughts Chapter 19: Ecosystem services for human wellbeing: trade-offs and governance

Kate Schreckenberg is a Reader in Development Geography at King’s College London, UK, and Director of the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) programme. Her research focuses on equity in natural resource governance. Georgina Mace is Professor of Biodiversity and Ecosystems and Director of the Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, UK, and scientific adviser to the ESPA research programme. Her research focuses on the causes and consequence of biodiversity loss and ecosystem change. Mahesh Poudyal is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) Programme Directorate. He is an environmental social scientist with research focusing on the poverty-environment nexus.

• Part I Evolving framings and contexts 1. Seeing the wood for the trees: exploring the evolution of frameworks of ecosystem services for human wellbeing 2. Justice and equity: emerging research and policy approaches to address ecosystem service trade-offs 3. Social-ecological systems approaches: revealing and navigating the complex trade-offs of sustainable development 4. Limits and thresholds: setting global, local and regional safe operating spaces Part II Ongoing and rapid system changes 5. Interactions of migration and population dynamics with ecosystem services 6. Land use intensification: the promise of sustainability and the reality of trade-offs 7. Ecosystem services and poverty alleviation in urbanising contexts 8. Reciprocal commitments for addressing forest-water relationships 9. Restoration of ecosystems and ecosystem services Part III Improving governance 10. Governing for ecosystem health and human wellbeing 11. Co-generating knowledge on ecosystem services and the role of new technologies 12. PES: Payments for ecosystem services and poverty alleviation? 13. Scaling-up conditional transfers for environmental protection and poverty alleviation 14. Social impacts of protected areas: exploring evidence of trade-offs and synergies Part IV Achieving sustainable wellbeing 15. Multiple dimensions of wellbeing in practice 16. Gender and ecosystem services: a blind spot 17. Resilience and wellbeing for sustainability 18. Insights for sustainable small-scale fisheries Part V Concluding thoughts Chapter 19: Ecosystem services for human wellbeing: trade-offs and governance

Kate Schreckenberg is a Reader in Development Geography at King’s College London, UK, and Director of the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) programme. Her research focuses on equity in natural resource governance. Georgina Mace is Professor of Biodiversity and Ecosystems and Director of the Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, UK, and scientific adviser to the ESPA research programme. Her research focuses on the causes and consequence of biodiversity loss and ecosystem change. Mahesh Poudyal is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) Programme Directorate. He is an environmental social scientist with research focusing on the poverty-environment nexus.

• Part I Evolving framings and contexts 1. Seeing the wood for the trees: exploring the evolution of frameworks of ecosystem services for human wellbeing 2. Justice and equity: emerging research and policy approaches to address ecosystem service trade-offs 3. Social-ecological systems approaches: revealing and navigating the complex trade-offs of sustainable development 4. Limits and thresholds: setting global, local and regional safe operating spaces Part II Ongoing and rapid system changes 5. Interactions of migration and population dynamics with ecosystem services 6. Land use intensification: the promise of sustainability and the reality of trade-offs 7. Ecosystem services and poverty alleviation in urbanising contexts 8. Reciprocal commitments for addressing forest-water relationships 9. Restoration of ecosystems and ecosystem services Part III Improving governance 10. Governing for ecosystem health and human wellbeing 11. Co-generating knowledge on ecosystem services and the role of new technologies 12. PES: Payments for ecosystem services and poverty alleviation? 13. Scaling-up conditional transfers for environmental protection and poverty alleviation 14. Social impacts of protected areas: exploring evidence of trade-offs and synergies Part IV Achieving sustainable wellbeing 15. Multiple dimensions of wellbeing in practice 16. Gender and ecosystem services: a blind spot 17. Resilience and wellbeing for sustainability 18. Insights for sustainable small-scale fisheries Part V Concluding thoughts Chapter 19: Ecosystem services for human wellbeing: trade-offs and governance