Keith Hartley is Professor of Economics and Director for the Centre for Defence Economics at the University of York. He is the author of many books and articles, including NATO Arms Co-operation: a Study in Economics and Politics (1983). Todd Sandler is Professor of Economics and Political Science at Iowa State University. He has written many books and articles, including The Theory of Externalities, Public Goods, and Club Goods (with Richard Cornes, 1986). Both Hartley and Sandler are Editors of Defence Economics.

• 1. Introduction  2. United States defence expenditures: trends and analysis  3. The political economy of military effort in the Warsaw Treaty Organization  4. Defence spending in the United Kingdom  5. Defence spending in France: the price of independence  6. West German demand for defence spending  7. Sweedish military expenditures and armed neutrality  8. Defence spending in Israel  9. Military security and the economy: defence expenditure in India and Pakistan  10. Military expenditures in Argentina, Chile and Peru  11. Japan's defence spending

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