Edited by Jan Fagerberg, Professor, Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture (TIK), University of Oslo, Norway, Paolo Guerrieri, Visiting Professor, Paris School of International Affairs (PSIA), Sciences Po, France and Bart Verspagen, Professor of Macroeconomics of Innovation and New Technologies and Researcher at UNU-MERIT, a joint institute of the United Nations University and Maastricht University, the Netherlands