Dr. James S. Albert is a Full Professor and Distinguished Professor of Ecology and Evolution at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, with 36 years of experience collecting and documenting tropical fish diversity. Dr. Albert is author of more than 200 peer-reviewed publications with more than 13,000 literature citations, with descriptions of 52 species and 11 genera new to science. Dr. Albert has co-edited three previous books on the diversity and evolution of Amazonian fishes.Dr. Roberto E. Reis is a Full Professor of Zoology and Systematics at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with 38 years of experience collecting and documenting tropical fish diversity. Dr. Reis is author of more than 200 peer-reviewed publications with more than 15,000 literature citations, with descriptions of 141 new species and 12 new genera. Dr. Reis has co-edited three previous books on the diversity, taxonomy and systematics of Amazonian fishes.

• Preface.- Foreword.- Part I Whole fauna analyses.- 1 Geographic conditions and events.- 2 Time-calibrated phylogeny.- 3 Big Eight clades.- 4 Historical biogeography.- 5 Diversification patterns.- 6 Ecospace analysis.- 7 Assembling the richest fauna.- Part II Evolution of ecotraits.- 8 Ecotrace analyses.- 9 Fishes of upland streams.- 10 Fishes and water chemistry.- 11 Whitewater floodplains.- 12 Blackwater floodplains.- 13 Deep channel fishes.- 14 Seasonally hypoxic waters.- 15 Hyopogean fishes.- 16 Folivores & frugivores.- 17 Benthic algivores & detritivores.- 18 Piscivores.- 19 Ectoparasites.- 20 Miniaturization.- 21 Migratory Amazonian fishes.- 22 Sensory ecology.- Back matter.- Combined References.- Glossary.- Index.