Anagnostis P. Agelarakis is Professor of Anthropology in the Department of History at Adelphi University in New York. He studied Classical Archaeology and European Ethnology as an undergraduate, and as graduate Environmental Studies at Lund University and Lund Polytechnic Institute in Sweden. He holds a M. Phil. and Ph.D. (1989) in Anthropology from Columbia University, New York.

• Introduction ; The archaeological site, finds, relative dating, project overview ; The anthropological record and aspects of burial practices ; Taphonomy and Skeletal Preservation ; Analysis of Anthropological Material ; Dental Anthropology ; Reconstructions of ante mortem kinetics indicative of habitual/occupational tasks ; Palaeopathology of trauma cases and the footprint of an experienced physician-surgeon ; Precedents in early Greek, and Roman medical history for the treatment on limb fractures ; Palaeopathological assessments of infectious complications ; About the physician-surgeon, the Ιητρείον, and the context of Paliokastro ; Paliokastro (the old fort) and the aim for the prosopography of its female and male riders ; Mounted archers of Paliokastro ; Historical references on the Roman army and the ProtoByzantine mounted archer/lancer ; Reflections on archery, and the type and capacity of bows and arrows used by the Roman mounted archer in battle versus these of the ‘barbarian’ enemies ; Historical references on Roman enemies and their invasions in the region of Thasos: Antae, Avars, Bulgars, Huns, Sclaveni, Kutrigurs ; Historical references on barbarian raids and their consequences in Thrace and Macedonia ; Towards a chronology of events for the harassment of Thasos by enemy incursions ; Archaeological evidence of catastrophic events in Thasos during the ProtoByzantine period ; Aiming towards concluding remarks on the ProtoByzantine ‘Paliokastrétes’ ; The case study of the Wounded Caballarius’ head/neck pathology, the ways of the cranial surgery and trephination, and few palaeopathological reflections ; Acknowledgements