Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field.

• PART ONE General SurveyCentral Asia Under Multiple CrisesPAYÁM FOROUGHI, AIDA AIDAROVA, PÁL DUNAY and COLLEEN WOODThe Economic Impact of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on the South Caucasus and Central AisaROBERT E. LOONEYRussian and Turkish Involvement in the South Caucasus since 1991VAHRAM TER-MATEVOSYANEconomies of Eastern Europe, Russia and Central AsiaANDERS ÅSLUNDPoverty, Inequality and Social Welfare in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central AsiaANN-MARI SÄTREClimate Change and its Mitigation in Eastern Europe, Russia and the South CaucasusPÁL DUNAY and AIDA AIDAROVAAppendix: The Religions of the RegionPART TWO Country SurveySections on geography (with map), history, chronology and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country.ARMENIAHistory VAHRAM TER-MATEVOSYAN (previously revised by ASBED KOTCHIKIAN)Economy ROBERT E. LOONEYAZERBAIJANHistory ERIC LEPISTOEconomy ERIC LEPISTOAutonomous Republic: NaxçıvanAzerbaijani Secessionist Territory: Nagornyi Karabakh (Artsakh)BELARUSHistory ANDREW RYDEREconomy ANDREW RYDERGEORGIAHistory ELENE MELIKISHVILI (revised by the Editorial Staff)Economy ROBERT E. LOONEYAutonomous Republic: AjaraGeorgian Secessionist Territories: Abkhazia, South OssetiaKAZAKHSTANHistory ANNA SAVCHENKO (revised by PÁL DUNAY and PAYÁM FOROUGHI)Economy SHIRIN AKINER (revised by ROBERT E. LOONEY)KYRGYZSTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHI, AIDA AIDAROVA and GALINA KOLODZINSKAIAEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHI and AIDA AIDAROVAMOLDOVAHistory ION MARANDICIEconomy KAMIL CAŁUSAutonomous Territory: GagauziaMoldovan Secessionist Territory: TransnistriaTHE RUSSIAN FEDERATIONHistory RASMUS NILSSONEconomy RICHARD CONNOLLYMembers of the Russian Federation, grouped by: Central Federal Okrug, North-Western Federal Okrug, Southern Federal Okrug, North Caucasus Federal Okrug, Volga Federal Okrug, Urals Federal Okrug, Siberian Federal Okrug, Far Eastern Federal Okrug; Other territories claimed by the Russian FederationTAJIKISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHIEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHIAutonomous Province: Kuhistoni BadakhshonTURKMENISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHIEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHIUKRAINEHistory TARAS KUZIOEconomy TARAS KUZIODisputed TerritoriesUZBEKISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHIEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHISovereign Republic: Qoraqalpog‘istonPART THREE Who’s Who of Eastern Europe, Russia and Central AsiaPART FOUR Regional InformationREGIONAL ORGANIZATIONSRESEARCH INSTITUTESSELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS)SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (PERIODICALS)

Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field.

• PART ONE General SurveyCentral Asia Under Multiple CrisesPAYÁM FOROUGHI, AIDA AIDAROVA, PÁL DUNAY and COLLEEN WOODThe Economic Impact of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on the South Caucasus and Central AisaROBERT E. LOONEYRussian and Turkish Involvement in the South Caucasus since 1991VAHRAM TER-MATEVOSYANEconomies of Eastern Europe, Russia and Central AsiaANDERS ÅSLUNDPoverty, Inequality and Social Welfare in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central AsiaANN-MARI SÄTREClimate Change and its Mitigation in Eastern Europe, Russia and the South CaucasusPÁL DUNAY and AIDA AIDAROVAAppendix: The Religions of the RegionPART TWO Country SurveySections on geography (with map), history, chronology and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country.ARMENIAHistory VAHRAM TER-MATEVOSYAN (previously revised by ASBED KOTCHIKIAN)Economy ROBERT E. LOONEYAZERBAIJANHistory ERIC LEPISTOEconomy ERIC LEPISTOAutonomous Republic: NaxçıvanAzerbaijani Secessionist Territory: Nagornyi Karabakh (Artsakh)BELARUSHistory ANDREW RYDEREconomy ANDREW RYDERGEORGIAHistory ELENE MELIKISHVILI (revised by the Editorial Staff)Economy ROBERT E. LOONEYAutonomous Republic: AjaraGeorgian Secessionist Territories: Abkhazia, South OssetiaKAZAKHSTANHistory ANNA SAVCHENKO (revised by PÁL DUNAY and PAYÁM FOROUGHI)Economy SHIRIN AKINER (revised by ROBERT E. LOONEY)KYRGYZSTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHI, AIDA AIDAROVA and GALINA KOLODZINSKAIAEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHI and AIDA AIDAROVAMOLDOVAHistory ION MARANDICIEconomy KAMIL CAŁUSAutonomous Territory: GagauziaMoldovan Secessionist Territory: TransnistriaTHE RUSSIAN FEDERATIONHistory RASMUS NILSSONEconomy RICHARD CONNOLLYMembers of the Russian Federation, grouped by: Central Federal Okrug, North-Western Federal Okrug, Southern Federal Okrug, North Caucasus Federal Okrug, Volga Federal Okrug, Urals Federal Okrug, Siberian Federal Okrug, Far Eastern Federal Okrug; Other territories claimed by the Russian FederationTAJIKISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHIEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHIAutonomous Province: Kuhistoni BadakhshonTURKMENISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHIEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHIUKRAINEHistory TARAS KUZIOEconomy TARAS KUZIODisputed TerritoriesUZBEKISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHIEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHISovereign Republic: Qoraqalpog‘istonPART THREE Who’s Who of Eastern Europe, Russia and Central AsiaPART FOUR Regional InformationREGIONAL ORGANIZATIONSRESEARCH INSTITUTESSELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS)SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (PERIODICALS)

Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field.

• PART ONE General SurveyCentral Asia Under Multiple CrisesPAYÁM FOROUGHI, AIDA AIDAROVA, PÁL DUNAY and COLLEEN WOODThe Economic Impact of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on the South Caucasus and Central AisaROBERT E. LOONEYRussian and Turkish Involvement in the South Caucasus since 1991VAHRAM TER-MATEVOSYANEconomies of Eastern Europe, Russia and Central AsiaANDERS ÅSLUNDPoverty, Inequality and Social Welfare in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central AsiaANN-MARI SÄTREClimate Change and its Mitigation in Eastern Europe, Russia and the South CaucasusPÁL DUNAY and AIDA AIDAROVAAppendix: The Religions of the RegionPART TWO Country SurveySections on geography (with map), history, chronology and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country.ARMENIAHistory VAHRAM TER-MATEVOSYAN (previously revised by ASBED KOTCHIKIAN)Economy ROBERT E. LOONEYAZERBAIJANHistory ERIC LEPISTOEconomy ERIC LEPISTOAutonomous Republic: NaxçıvanAzerbaijani Secessionist Territory: Nagornyi Karabakh (Artsakh)BELARUSHistory ANDREW RYDEREconomy ANDREW RYDERGEORGIAHistory ELENE MELIKISHVILI (revised by the Editorial Staff)Economy ROBERT E. LOONEYAutonomous Republic: AjaraGeorgian Secessionist Territories: Abkhazia, South OssetiaKAZAKHSTANHistory ANNA SAVCHENKO (revised by PÁL DUNAY and PAYÁM FOROUGHI)Economy SHIRIN AKINER (revised by ROBERT E. LOONEY)KYRGYZSTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHI, AIDA AIDAROVA and GALINA KOLODZINSKAIAEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHI and AIDA AIDAROVAMOLDOVAHistory ION MARANDICIEconomy KAMIL CAŁUSAutonomous Territory: GagauziaMoldovan Secessionist Territory: TransnistriaTHE RUSSIAN FEDERATIONHistory RASMUS NILSSONEconomy RICHARD CONNOLLYMembers of the Russian Federation, grouped by: Central Federal Okrug, North-Western Federal Okrug, Southern Federal Okrug, North Caucasus Federal Okrug, Volga Federal Okrug, Urals Federal Okrug, Siberian Federal Okrug, Far Eastern Federal Okrug; Other territories claimed by the Russian FederationTAJIKISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHIEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHIAutonomous Province: Kuhistoni BadakhshonTURKMENISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHIEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHIUKRAINEHistory TARAS KUZIOEconomy TARAS KUZIODisputed TerritoriesUZBEKISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHIEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHISovereign Republic: Qoraqalpog‘istonPART THREE Who’s Who of Eastern Europe, Russia and Central AsiaPART FOUR Regional InformationREGIONAL ORGANIZATIONSRESEARCH INSTITUTESSELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS)SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (PERIODICALS)