Earth's Natural Hazards and Disasters

Häftad, Engelska, 2024

Av Bethany D. Hinga, USA) Hinga, Bethany D. (University of Nebraska at Kearney, Bethany D Hinga

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Natural hazards are present in every part of planet Earth. Sometimes a natural event – such as extreme weather, a volcanic eruption, earthquake or disease outbreak – turns into a disaster for humans, the environment, and the economy.Earth’s Natural Hazards and Disasters is a textbook for undergraduates that challenges students to think critically about disasters. It explains the science behind natural events and explores how to understand risk and prepare for disasters.About this volume: Covers hazards in the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphereExplains the science of hazards in accessible termsDetailed case studies of specific disasters for each type of natural eventExplores data-based risk mitigation strategiesDiscusses the roles of scientists, public officials, and the general public in hazard managementThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum2024-05-02
Mått178 x 252 x 31 mm
Vikt1 089 g
FormatHäftad
SpråkEngelska
SerieAGU Advanced Textbooks
Antal sidor544
FörlagJohn Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN9781119217718

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Miljövetenskap och miljöpolitik inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Contributors xiiiPreface xvGlossary xviiAcknowledgments xlv1 Introduction to Natural Disasters 1Bethany D. Hinga1.1 Introduction 11.2 The Earth System 41.3 Natural Disasters 71.3.1 Types of Disasters 71.4 Definitions 81.5 Disasters Are Predictable 91.6 The Human Factor 131.7 Increasing Risk 141.8 Calculated Risks 161.9 The Role of Government in Vulnerability and Preparing for Disasters 181.10 Disasters and Social Change 211.11 Community Response 211.12 Chapter in Review 25Part I Geologic Events as Hazards2 Plate Tectonics 31Bethany D. Hinga2.1 Introduction 312.2 Continental Drift 312.3 New Data: Magnetism 352.4 Seafloor Spreading 382.5 Plate Tectonics 382.6 Earth Structure 382.7 Plate Boundaries 402.8 Subduction Zones 452.9 Collision Zones 482.10 Transform Boundaries 492.11 Hotspots 512.12 Conclusion 542.13 Chapter in Review 543 Volcanoes 57Bethany D. Hinga3.1 A Lengthy Eruption With an Unexpected End 573.2 Magma Generation 643.3 Volcano Behavior 703.4 Types of Volcanoes 723.5 The Case of Mount St. Helens 833.6 Hazards of Composite Volcanoes 903.7 Mitigation 963.8 Chapter in Review 974 Earthquakes 101Bethany D. Hinga4.1 Introduction 1014.2 What Is an Earthquake? 1074.3 Seismic Waves 1114.4 How Do Earthquakes Work? 1234.5 Earthquake Hazards 1294.6 Prince William Sound Earthquake 1384.7 Mitigation Strategies 1394.8 Conclusion 1424.9 Chapter in Review 1425 Tsunamis 145Bethany D. Hinga5.1 Introduction 1455.2 Unimak Island Earthquake and Tsunami, 1946 1455.3 Wave Creation 1495.4 Wave Characteristics 1505.5 Wave Parameters 1525.6 Case Studies 1535.7 Landslide-Generated Tsunami 1615.8 Mega-Tsunamis 1615.9 Volcano-Generated Tsunamis 1615.10 Mitigation of Tsunami Hazards 1645.11 Conclusion 1665.12 Chapter in Review 1666 Earth Movements 169Bethany D. Hinga6.1 The Role of Gravity in Shaping the Earth 1696.2 Venezuela, 1999 1696.3 Types of Earth Movements 1726.4 Mass-Wasting Triggers 1886.5 Mitigation of Hazards 1886.6 Conclusion 1926.7 Chapter in Review 193Part II Weather and Climate as Hazards7 Atmosphere and Weather 197Bethany D. Hinga7.1 Introduction 1977.2 The Earth's Atmosphere 1977.3 Solar Radiation 1997.4 Weather 2027.5 Air Masses and Fronts 2127.6 High and Low Pressure Systems 2147.7 Conclusion 2177.8 Chapter in Review 2178 Severe Weather 221Bethany D. Hinga8.1 Blizzard on the Plains 2218.2 Severe Weather Events 2258.3 Conclusion 2518.4 Chapter in Review 2529 Floods 255Bethany D. Hinga9.1 Introduction 2559.2 Central China Flood 2559.3 The Nature of Streams 2589.4 Types of Floods 2659.5 Flood Mitigation 2749.6 Chapter in Review 27810 Hurricanes 281Bethany D. Hinga10.1 Introduction 28110.2 Hurricane Maria, 2017 28110.3 Tropical Cyclones 28710.4 Hurricane Hazards 29510.5 Mitigation 30410.6 Conclusion 30410.7 Chapter in Review 30511 Climate Change 307Jillian Gregg and John Helms11.1 Slushballs and Greenhouses: What the Geologic Record Says About Paleoclimate Compared to the Current Stable Climate That Has Supported Human Civilization Over the Past 10,000 Years 30711.2 Climate Change Basics 31011.3 Natural Hazards Caused Directly and Indirectly by Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change 33411.4 Ocean Impacts 35111.5 Mitigation of Hazards 35611.6 Geoengineering 36111.7 Adaptation 36311.8 Chapter in Review 36512 Wildland Fires 369Bethany D. Hinga12.1 Introduction 36912.2 Fire Basics 37212.3 Fire Behavior 37512.4 Firefighting in Public Lands 38212.5 Mitigation of Fire Hazards 38612.6 Conclusion 38712.7 Chapter in Review 387Part III Other Hazards13 Biological Hazards With COVID-19 Case Study 393Anni Moore and Austin Nuxoll13.1 Biological Disasters 39313.2 Introduction to Microbes 39713.3 Types of Microbes 39813.4 Microbes and the Earth System 41113.5 Factors That Put Populations at Risk 41513.6 Diseases in the Food Supply 42213.7 Mitigation of Hazards 42313.8 Conclusion 42813.9 Chapter in Review 42914 Hazards From Space 433Kelli Wakefield and Joel Berrier14.1 Space Hazards 43314.2 Introduction 43414.3 A History of Catastrophe 43414.4 Measuring Risk 44514.5 What Can We Do? 45614.6 Solar Events 45914.7 Earth's Future 46314.8 Chapter in Review 463Bibliography 467Index 483