Edited by Jan Fagerberg, Professor, Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture (TIK), University of Oslo, Norway, Bart Verspagen, Professor of Macroeconomics of Innovation and New Technologies and Researcher at UNU-MERIT, a joint institute of the United Nations University and Maastricht University, the Netherlands and the late G.N. von Tunzelmann, formerly Professor in the Economics of Science and Technology, SPRU – Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Sussex, UK