Donald School Textbook of Transvaginal Sonography

Asim Kurjak MD PhDProfessor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School University of Zagreb, Croatia José Bajo Arenas MD PhDProfessor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Autónoma University of Madrid, Spain

• Section 1: General AspectsTransvaginal Probe: Technical AspectBasis of Transvaginal ScanningSafety of Transvaginal Scan Estimated from Ultrasonic BioeffectsTissue Characterization with Gray Level Histogram Width in Obstetrics and GynecologyTransrectal Sonography Section 2: ObstetricsFetal Anatomy in the First Trimester of PregnancyUltrasound Imaging of Early Extraembryonic StructuresUltrasound Markers of Aneuploidy in the First TrimesterEarly Detection of Fetal AbnormalityEarly Fetal EchocardiographyAssessment of Fetal Central Nervous SystemUltrasonographic Signs of Poor Pregnancy OutcomePlacenta and Transvaginal SonographyAssessment of Placental Vascularization by 3D Power Doppler Ultrasound “Placental Biopsy” in Normal PregnanciesCervical Measurements and Preterm LaborTransvaginal Assessment of the CervixCervix in the First Trimester of PregnancyTransvaginal Sonography in Multiple Pregnancy Section 3: Gynecology and InfertilityUterine Lesions2D and 3D Power Doppler Ultrasound Study of Endometrium as Implantation MarkerFollicular MonitoringAsymptomatic Simple Ovarian Cyst in Postmenopausal Women: Syndrome of “Visible Ovary”Transvaginal Sonography in Evaluation of Functional Ovarian CystsBaseline Scan and Ultrasound Diagnosis of PCOSHormone Replacement Therapy: Ultrasound RoleEctopic PregnancyFemale Pelvic Floor: Descriptive Anatomy and Clinical Exploration by Transvaginal Ultrasound EchographySonography of the Pelvic InfectionSonohysterographyTransvaginal Sonography in Postmenopausal WomenUse of Different Ultrasound Techniques in the Field of Urogynecology Section 4: Doppler SonographyPhysical Principles of the Doppler Effect and Its Application in MedicineUse of Ultrasound in the Field of InfertilityChorionic Volume and Intervillous Blood Flow in Normal First Trimester of Pregnancies Assessed by 3D Power Doppler UltrasoundDoppler Evaluation of the Ovary: Clinical Applications and Challenges Section 5: 3D and 4D Transvaginal SonographyThree-Dimensional SonoembryologyCesarean Scar Hysterotomy: Assessment by 3D Transvaginal EchographyAssessment of Normal and Abnormal Ovaries by Transvaginal SonographyScreening for Ovarian Cancer by Different Modes of Transvaginal SonographyFour-Dimensional Technical AspectsFetal Upper Limb Movement in the First Half of Pregnancy Detected by Transvaginal 4D Ultrasound