Peter N. Stearns is a professor of history at George Mason University, where he is currently provost (since January 1, 2000) with almost 40 years of experience as a teacher and administrator. Stearns was the chair of the Department of History at Carnegie Mellon University and also served as the dean of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences. In addition, he founded and continues to edit the Journal of Social History. Also while at Carnegie Mellon he developed a pioneering approach to teaching world history to undergraduates in addition to mentoring hundreds of graduate students. Besides his long career as a historian, he is active in historical groups such as the American Historical Society, the Society of French Historical Studies, the Social Science History Association and the International Society for Research on Emotion. He attended Harvard College and later received his Ph.D. from Harvard University. In his prolific career as an author and editor, he has written or edited over 110 works of literature. Stearns currently serves as chair of the Advanced Placement World History committee.  Stephen S. Gosch is a professor emeritus of history at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. Gosch began by teaching western civilization courses at UW-Eau Claire, but his scholarship evolved over the years to a broader comparative scholarship in world history, which he introduced to UW-Eau Claire classrooms in 1982. He also taught courses in the history of Japan, 19th and 20th century Europe and Marco Polo's world, as well as a popular team-taught interdisciplinary course on the Vietnam War, which he developed with a colleague in political science. He has published numerous articles and co-authored several books, including the recent Pre-modern Travel in World History. Gosch earned his bachelor's degree from Boston University and his master's and doctoral degrees from Rutgers University.  Erwin P. Grieshaber currently teaches world history, history of Latin America and history of 20th century war and peace at Minnesota State University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina in 1977.  Allison Scardino Belzer teaches a wide variety of courses at Armstrong Atlantic State University in Savannah, Georgia. In teaching both halves of world civilization, she focuses on assigning texts that spark a positive response in students – texts that offer concrete knowledge while also inspiring questions. She developed her interest in history at Vassar College and received her Ph.D at Emory University. Her book Women and the Great War: Femininity Under Fire in Italy (2010) reflects her research interest in gender and cultural history and the history of war.

• Geographical Contents: The Major SocietiesTopical ContentsPreface  Introduction  Section 1: Early Civilizations Introduction 1 Babylonian Law: How an Early State Regulated Its SubjectsThe Code 2 Ancient Egypt Hymn to the Nile Negative ConfessionVisual Source Egyptian Hieroglyphics 3 The Hebrew Bible Genesis From the Hebrew Bible  Section 2: The Classical Period, 1000 B.C.E. TO 500 C.E.  Introduction China 4 Key Chinese Values: Confucianism and Its Legacy                                The Small Analects 5 Daoism                                                                                                      Dao de Jing 6 Legalism: An Alternative System                                                            Han Feizi 7 Women in Classical China: Ban Zhao                                                      Lessons for Women Visual Source  Portrait of Ban Zhao                                                       8 Benevolence and Virtue or Military Force? A Chinese Debate             The Iron and Salt DebateT Visual Source  Han Dynasty Agriculture                                                 Persia and the Mediterranean 9 Zoroastrianism: The Major Persian Religion                                          Hymns of Zarathustra, Verse 33 10 Herodotus and The Persian Empire                                                        The Histories  11 Greek Political Systems                                                                           Plutarch on Sparta Thucydides, The Funeral Oration of PericlesSophocles, Antigone12 Polybius on Roman Political Institutions                                                 An Analysis of the Roman Government Rome and Carthage Compared 13 Women in Mediterranean Societies                                                        Tombstone Inscriptions Women in Legal Codes14 Christianity: Teachings and Practice                                                     Christian Teachings15 The Fall of RomeMarcellinus16 Hindu Beginnings: The Rig Veda and the Bhagavad Gita                      Early HinduismVisual Source  Indian Painting of Arjuna and Krishna                           17 Buddhist Teachings: Noble Truths and Guidance for Daily Life            Early Buddhist Teachings 18 How to Rule an Empire: Kautilya and Ashoka                                        Indian Documents 19 Gender Relations in Classical India                                                         Indian Gender Culture Visual Source Gender Imagery in India                                                 Global Contacts: The Role of Nomads 20 “Home on the Range”: The Rise of the Pastoral Nomads in Central Asia          Reports on the Nomads Visual Source Central Asian Nomadic Art                                              Global Contacts: New Trade Partners from China to the Mediterranean 21 The Opening of the Silk Road  Chinese and Roman Sources Visual Source Making and Wearing Silk  Section 3: The Postclassical Period, 500–1500 C.E.: Expansions and Contacts Introduction The Middle East And Islam 22 The Islamic Religion                                                                                The Quran The Hadith23 Religious and Political Organization in the Islamic Middle East            Al Mawardi Visual Source Religious Leadership in Islam: The Imam                         24 The Quran and the Family                                                                        The Quran China and Japan 25 Peasant Life in Tang and Song China                                                      Tang Poems Two Contracts from Dunhuang, ca. 900Song PoemsVisual Source Rice Cultivation in Southern China                                  26 “The Noble and Magnificent City of Hangzhou”: Marco Polo in ChinaMarco Polo on Hangzhou 27 Valor and Fair Treatment: The Rise of the Samurai                          Samurai Values Europe  28 Western European Political Institutions: The Influence of Christianity and  FeudalismFeudal and Christian Documents29 Russia Converts to Christianity  Russian Primary Chronicle 30 Faith and Reason: Thomas Aquinas                                                        Thomas Aquinas Global Contacts Trade and Religion   31 Anchors Aweigh! Trade and Islam in the Indian Ocean NetworkThe Travels of Ibn Battuta32 Merchants and Trade: Sources and ComparisonsIbn Khaldun, Reginald of Durham on Saint Godric33 Travelers to Holy Places: Buddhist, Muslim, and Christian Pilgrims  Pilgrims’ Experiences Visual Source  Muslim Pilgrims in Mecca 34 Europe, the Middle East, and Beyond: The Crusades: Christian and Muslim Reactions The Crusades35 Religious Tolerance in Medieval Spain                                                   Siete Partidas 36 African Kingdoms and Islam          Writings of Ibn Battuta   Visual Source  A Major Artistic Tradition: The Sculptures of Benin37 Africa Through the Eyes of a European MerchantAntonius MalfanteVisual Source  Map of Pre-Columbian AmericaThe Americas38 Mayan and Aztec Creation Stories and an Account of Aztec Worship The Mayan Story of Human Creation from Popol Vuh Aztec Creation Story of the God UitzilopochtliAztec Wars and Sacrifice to Uitzilopochtli39 Tribute Under the Aztecs and Incas                                                         Aztec Tribute: Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés Inca Tribute: Testimony of Martin Cari, Chief (Cacique Principal) of the Lower Division (Anansaya) of Chuquito Visual Source  Aztec Goddess The Mongols40 Chinggis Khan and the Rise of the MongolsThe Secret History of the MongolsVisual Source  Persian Painting of Chinggis Khan Leading the Charge41 The Mongol Empire Takes Shape                                                          Asian and European Sources Global Contacts New Routes for Europe and Asia 42 Sailing to Calicut: Chinese and Portuguese Voyages                              Chinese and Portuguese Documents

Peter N. Stearns is a professor of history at George Mason University, where he is currently provost (since January 1, 2000) with almost 40 years of experience as a teacher and administrator. Stearns was the chair of the Department of History at Carnegie Mellon University and also served as the dean of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences. In addition, he founded and continues to edit the Journal of Social History. Also while at Carnegie Mellon he developed a pioneering approach to teaching world history to undergraduates in addition to mentoring hundreds of graduate students. Besides his long career as a historian, he is active in historical groups such as the American Historical Society, the Society of French Historical Studies, the Social Science History Association and the International Society for Research on Emotion. He attended Harvard College and later received his Ph.D. from Harvard University. In his prolific career as an author and editor, he has written or edited over 110 works of literature. Stearns currently serves as chair of the Advanced Placement World History committee.  Stephen S. Gosch is a professor emeritus of history at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. Gosch began by teaching western civilization courses at UW-Eau Claire, but his scholarship evolved over the years to a broader comparative scholarship in world history, which he introduced to UW-Eau Claire classrooms in 1982. He also taught courses in the history of Japan, 19th and 20th century Europe and Marco Polo's world, as well as a popular team-taught interdisciplinary course on the Vietnam War, which he developed with a colleague in political science. He has published numerous articles and co-authored several books, including the recent Pre-modern Travel in World History. Gosch earned his bachelor's degree from Boston University and his master's and doctoral degrees from Rutgers University.  Erwin P. Grieshaber currently teaches world history, history of Latin America and history of 20th century war and peace at Minnesota State University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina in 1977.  Allison Scardino Belzer teaches a wide variety of courses at Armstrong Atlantic State University in Savannah, Georgia. In teaching both halves of world civilization, she focuses on assigning texts that spark a positive response in students – texts that offer concrete knowledge while also inspiring questions. She developed her interest in history at Vassar College and received her Ph.D at Emory University. Her book Women and the Great War: Femininity Under Fire in Italy (2010) reflects her research interest in gender and cultural history and the history of war.

• Geographical Contents: The Major SocietiesTopical ContentsPreface  Introduction  Section 1: Early Civilizations Introduction 1 Babylonian Law: How an Early State Regulated Its SubjectsThe Code 2 Ancient Egypt Hymn to the Nile Negative ConfessionVisual Source Egyptian Hieroglyphics 3 The Hebrew Bible Genesis From the Hebrew Bible  Section 2: The Classical Period, 1000 B.C.E. TO 500 C.E.  Introduction China 4 Key Chinese Values: Confucianism and Its Legacy                                The Small Analects 5 Daoism                                                                                                      Dao de Jing 6 Legalism: An Alternative System                                                            Han Feizi 7 Women in Classical China: Ban Zhao                                                      Lessons for Women Visual Source  Portrait of Ban Zhao                                                       8 Benevolence and Virtue or Military Force? A Chinese Debate             The Iron and Salt DebateT Visual Source  Han Dynasty Agriculture                                                 Persia and the Mediterranean 9 Zoroastrianism: The Major Persian Religion                                          Hymns of Zarathustra, Verse 33 10 Herodotus and The Persian Empire                                                        The Histories  11 Greek Political Systems                                                                           Plutarch on Sparta Thucydides, The Funeral Oration of PericlesSophocles, Antigone12 Polybius on Roman Political Institutions                                                 An Analysis of the Roman Government Rome and Carthage Compared 13 Women in Mediterranean Societies                                                        Tombstone Inscriptions Women in Legal Codes14 Christianity: Teachings and Practice                                                     Christian Teachings15 The Fall of RomeMarcellinus16 Hindu Beginnings: The Rig Veda and the Bhagavad Gita                      Early HinduismVisual Source  Indian Painting of Arjuna and Krishna                           17 Buddhist Teachings: Noble Truths and Guidance for Daily Life            Early Buddhist Teachings 18 How to Rule an Empire: Kautilya and Ashoka                                        Indian Documents 19 Gender Relations in Classical India                                                         Indian Gender Culture Visual Source Gender Imagery in India                                                 Global Contacts: The Role of Nomads 20 “Home on the Range”: The Rise of the Pastoral Nomads in Central Asia          Reports on the Nomads Visual Source Central Asian Nomadic Art                                              Global Contacts: New Trade Partners from China to the Mediterranean 21 The Opening of the Silk Road  Chinese and Roman Sources Visual Source Making and Wearing Silk  Section 3: The Postclassical Period, 500–1500 C.E.: Expansions and Contacts Introduction The Middle East And Islam 22 The Islamic Religion                                                                                The Quran The Hadith23 Religious and Political Organization in the Islamic Middle East            Al Mawardi Visual Source Religious Leadership in Islam: The Imam                         24 The Quran and the Family                                                                        The Quran China and Japan 25 Peasant Life in Tang and Song China                                                      Tang Poems Two Contracts from Dunhuang, ca. 900Song PoemsVisual Source Rice Cultivation in Southern China                                  26 “The Noble and Magnificent City of Hangzhou”: Marco Polo in ChinaMarco Polo on Hangzhou 27 Valor and Fair Treatment: The Rise of the Samurai                          Samurai Values Europe  28 Western European Political Institutions: The Influence of Christianity and  FeudalismFeudal and Christian Documents29 Russia Converts to Christianity  Russian Primary Chronicle 30 Faith and Reason: Thomas Aquinas                                                        Thomas Aquinas Global Contacts Trade and Religion   31 Anchors Aweigh! Trade and Islam in the Indian Ocean NetworkThe Travels of Ibn Battuta32 Merchants and Trade: Sources and ComparisonsIbn Khaldun, Reginald of Durham on Saint Godric33 Travelers to Holy Places: Buddhist, Muslim, and Christian Pilgrims  Pilgrims’ Experiences Visual Source  Muslim Pilgrims in Mecca 34 Europe, the Middle East, and Beyond: The Crusades: Christian and Muslim Reactions The Crusades35 Religious Tolerance in Medieval Spain                                                   Siete Partidas 36 African Kingdoms and Islam          Writings of Ibn Battuta   Visual Source  A Major Artistic Tradition: The Sculptures of Benin37 Africa Through the Eyes of a European MerchantAntonius MalfanteVisual Source  Map of Pre-Columbian AmericaThe Americas38 Mayan and Aztec Creation Stories and an Account of Aztec Worship The Mayan Story of Human Creation from Popol Vuh Aztec Creation Story of the God UitzilopochtliAztec Wars and Sacrifice to Uitzilopochtli39 Tribute Under the Aztecs and Incas                                                         Aztec Tribute: Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés Inca Tribute: Testimony of Martin Cari, Chief (Cacique Principal) of the Lower Division (Anansaya) of Chuquito Visual Source  Aztec Goddess The Mongols40 Chinggis Khan and the Rise of the MongolsThe Secret History of the MongolsVisual Source  Persian Painting of Chinggis Khan Leading the Charge41 The Mongol Empire Takes Shape                                                          Asian and European Sources Global Contacts New Routes for Europe and Asia 42 Sailing to Calicut: Chinese and Portuguese Voyages                              Chinese and Portuguese Documents

Peter N. Stearns is a professor of history at George Mason University, where he is currently provost (since January 1, 2000) with almost 40 years of experience as a teacher and administrator. Stearns was the chair of the Department of History at Carnegie Mellon University and also served as the dean of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences. In addition, he founded and continues to edit the Journal of Social History. Also while at Carnegie Mellon he developed a pioneering approach to teaching world history to undergraduates in addition to mentoring hundreds of graduate students. Besides his long career as a historian, he is active in historical groups such as the American Historical Society, the Society of French Historical Studies, the Social Science History Association and the International Society for Research on Emotion. He attended Harvard College and later received his Ph.D. from Harvard University. In his prolific career as an author and editor, he has written or edited over 110 works of literature. Stearns currently serves as chair of the Advanced Placement World History committee.  Stephen S. Gosch is a professor emeritus of history at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. Gosch began by teaching western civilization courses at UW-Eau Claire, but his scholarship evolved over the years to a broader comparative scholarship in world history, which he introduced to UW-Eau Claire classrooms in 1982. He also taught courses in the history of Japan, 19th and 20th century Europe and Marco Polo's world, as well as a popular team-taught interdisciplinary course on the Vietnam War, which he developed with a colleague in political science. He has published numerous articles and co-authored several books, including the recent Pre-modern Travel in World History. Gosch earned his bachelor's degree from Boston University and his master's and doctoral degrees from Rutgers University.  Erwin P. Grieshaber currently teaches world history, history of Latin America and history of 20th century war and peace at Minnesota State University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina in 1977.  Allison Scardino Belzer teaches a wide variety of courses at Armstrong Atlantic State University in Savannah, Georgia. In teaching both halves of world civilization, she focuses on assigning texts that spark a positive response in students – texts that offer concrete knowledge while also inspiring questions. She developed her interest in history at Vassar College and received her Ph.D at Emory University. Her book Women and the Great War: Femininity Under Fire in Italy (2010) reflects her research interest in gender and cultural history and the history of war.

• Geographical Contents: The Major SocietiesTopical ContentsPreface  Introduction  Section 1: Early Civilizations Introduction 1 Babylonian Law: How an Early State Regulated Its SubjectsThe Code 2 Ancient Egypt Hymn to the Nile Negative ConfessionVisual Source Egyptian Hieroglyphics 3 The Hebrew Bible Genesis From the Hebrew Bible  Section 2: The Classical Period, 1000 B.C.E. TO 500 C.E.  Introduction China 4 Key Chinese Values: Confucianism and Its Legacy                                The Small Analects 5 Daoism                                                                                                      Dao de Jing 6 Legalism: An Alternative System                                                            Han Feizi 7 Women in Classical China: Ban Zhao                                                      Lessons for Women Visual Source  Portrait of Ban Zhao                                                       8 Benevolence and Virtue or Military Force? A Chinese Debate             The Iron and Salt DebateT Visual Source  Han Dynasty Agriculture                                                 Persia and the Mediterranean 9 Zoroastrianism: The Major Persian Religion                                          Hymns of Zarathustra, Verse 33 10 Herodotus and The Persian Empire                                                        The Histories  11 Greek Political Systems                                                                           Plutarch on Sparta Thucydides, The Funeral Oration of PericlesSophocles, Antigone12 Polybius on Roman Political Institutions                                                 An Analysis of the Roman Government Rome and Carthage Compared 13 Women in Mediterranean Societies                                                        Tombstone Inscriptions Women in Legal Codes14 Christianity: Teachings and Practice                                                     Christian Teachings15 The Fall of RomeMarcellinus16 Hindu Beginnings: The Rig Veda and the Bhagavad Gita                      Early HinduismVisual Source  Indian Painting of Arjuna and Krishna                           17 Buddhist Teachings: Noble Truths and Guidance for Daily Life            Early Buddhist Teachings 18 How to Rule an Empire: Kautilya and Ashoka                                        Indian Documents 19 Gender Relations in Classical India                                                         Indian Gender Culture Visual Source Gender Imagery in India                                                 Global Contacts: The Role of Nomads 20 “Home on the Range”: The Rise of the Pastoral Nomads in Central Asia          Reports on the Nomads Visual Source Central Asian Nomadic Art                                              Global Contacts: New Trade Partners from China to the Mediterranean 21 The Opening of the Silk Road  Chinese and Roman Sources Visual Source Making and Wearing Silk  Section 3: The Postclassical Period, 500–1500 C.E.: Expansions and Contacts Introduction The Middle East And Islam 22 The Islamic Religion                                                                                The Quran The Hadith23 Religious and Political Organization in the Islamic Middle East            Al Mawardi Visual Source Religious Leadership in Islam: The Imam                         24 The Quran and the Family                                                                        The Quran China and Japan 25 Peasant Life in Tang and Song China                                                      Tang Poems Two Contracts from Dunhuang, ca. 900Song PoemsVisual Source Rice Cultivation in Southern China                                  26 “The Noble and Magnificent City of Hangzhou”: Marco Polo in ChinaMarco Polo on Hangzhou 27 Valor and Fair Treatment: The Rise of the Samurai                          Samurai Values Europe  28 Western European Political Institutions: The Influence of Christianity and  FeudalismFeudal and Christian Documents29 Russia Converts to Christianity  Russian Primary Chronicle 30 Faith and Reason: Thomas Aquinas                                                        Thomas Aquinas Global Contacts Trade and Religion   31 Anchors Aweigh! Trade and Islam in the Indian Ocean NetworkThe Travels of Ibn Battuta32 Merchants and Trade: Sources and ComparisonsIbn Khaldun, Reginald of Durham on Saint Godric33 Travelers to Holy Places: Buddhist, Muslim, and Christian Pilgrims  Pilgrims’ Experiences Visual Source  Muslim Pilgrims in Mecca 34 Europe, the Middle East, and Beyond: The Crusades: Christian and Muslim Reactions The Crusades35 Religious Tolerance in Medieval Spain                                                   Siete Partidas 36 African Kingdoms and Islam          Writings of Ibn Battuta   Visual Source  A Major Artistic Tradition: The Sculptures of Benin37 Africa Through the Eyes of a European MerchantAntonius MalfanteVisual Source  Map of Pre-Columbian AmericaThe Americas38 Mayan and Aztec Creation Stories and an Account of Aztec Worship The Mayan Story of Human Creation from Popol Vuh Aztec Creation Story of the God UitzilopochtliAztec Wars and Sacrifice to Uitzilopochtli39 Tribute Under the Aztecs and Incas                                                         Aztec Tribute: Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés Inca Tribute: Testimony of Martin Cari, Chief (Cacique Principal) of the Lower Division (Anansaya) of Chuquito Visual Source  Aztec Goddess The Mongols40 Chinggis Khan and the Rise of the MongolsThe Secret History of the MongolsVisual Source  Persian Painting of Chinggis Khan Leading the Charge41 The Mongol Empire Takes Shape                                                          Asian and European Sources Global Contacts New Routes for Europe and Asia 42 Sailing to Calicut: Chinese and Portuguese Voyages                              Chinese and Portuguese Documents