Knut Heidar is Professor of Political Science at the University of Oslo, Norway.Bram Wauters is Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science of Ghent University, Belgium.

• 1. Party Membership as Linkage [Knut Heidar and Bram Wauters] 2. Descriptive Representation in Local Party Associations and Its Implications for Representation in Parliament: findings from the Canadian Case [William Cross] 3. Not Exactly a Mirror Image: British Parties’ Members and Voters Compared [Tim Bale, Monica Poletti, and Paul Webb] 4. Do Australian Parties Represent? [Anika Gauja and Jordan McSwiney] 5. Germany: The Politicization of Party Membership [Klaus Detterbeck] 6. Belgium: Parties as Distorting Mirrors. Descriptive and Substantive Representativeness in Flemish Parties under Scrutiny [Robin Devroe, Benjamin de Vet, Nicolas Van de Voorde and Bram Wauters] 7. Something for Everyone? Political Parties, Party Members and Representation in the Netherlands [Josje den Ridder, Ruud Koole and Joop van Holsteyn] 8. Norwegian Parties at Work: Representative Capacities and Political Trust [Knut Heidar] 9. A Skewed Channel of Participation in Denmark – and an Even More Skewed Recruitment Pool [Karina Kosiara-Pedersen] 10. Representativeness of Parties: Old Problems, New Challenges [Knut Heidar and Bram Wauters]

Knut Heidar is Professor of Political Science at the University of Oslo, Norway.Bram Wauters is Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science of Ghent University, Belgium.

• 1. Party Membership as Linkage [Knut Heidar and Bram Wauters] 2. Descriptive Representation in Local Party Associations and Its Implications for Representation in Parliament: findings from the Canadian Case [William Cross] 3. Not Exactly a Mirror Image: British Parties’ Members and Voters Compared [Tim Bale, Monica Poletti, and Paul Webb] 4. Do Australian Parties Represent? [Anika Gauja and Jordan McSwiney] 5. Germany: The Politicization of Party Membership [Klaus Detterbeck] 6. Belgium: Parties as Distorting Mirrors. Descriptive and Substantive Representativeness in Flemish Parties under Scrutiny [Robin Devroe, Benjamin de Vet, Nicolas Van de Voorde and Bram Wauters] 7. Something for Everyone? Political Parties, Party Members and Representation in the Netherlands [Josje den Ridder, Ruud Koole and Joop van Holsteyn] 8. Norwegian Parties at Work: Representative Capacities and Political Trust [Knut Heidar] 9. A Skewed Channel of Participation in Denmark – and an Even More Skewed Recruitment Pool [Karina Kosiara-Pedersen] 10. Representativeness of Parties: Old Problems, New Challenges [Knut Heidar and Bram Wauters]

Knut Heidar is Professor of Political Science at the University of Oslo, Norway.Bram Wauters is Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science of Ghent University, Belgium.

• 1. Party Membership as Linkage [Knut Heidar and Bram Wauters] 2. Descriptive Representation in Local Party Associations and Its Implications for Representation in Parliament: findings from the Canadian Case [William Cross] 3. Not Exactly a Mirror Image: British Parties’ Members and Voters Compared [Tim Bale, Monica Poletti, and Paul Webb] 4. Do Australian Parties Represent? [Anika Gauja and Jordan McSwiney] 5. Germany: The Politicization of Party Membership [Klaus Detterbeck] 6. Belgium: Parties as Distorting Mirrors. Descriptive and Substantive Representativeness in Flemish Parties under Scrutiny [Robin Devroe, Benjamin de Vet, Nicolas Van de Voorde and Bram Wauters] 7. Something for Everyone? Political Parties, Party Members and Representation in the Netherlands [Josje den Ridder, Ruud Koole and Joop van Holsteyn] 8. Norwegian Parties at Work: Representative Capacities and Political Trust [Knut Heidar] 9. A Skewed Channel of Participation in Denmark – and an Even More Skewed Recruitment Pool [Karina Kosiara-Pedersen] 10. Representativeness of Parties: Old Problems, New Challenges [Knut Heidar and Bram Wauters]