Divergent Nation of Indonesia

Stefani H.S. Nugroho is currently an assistant professor at the Faculty of Psychology, Atma Jaya Catholic University, Jakarta, Indonesia. Prior to this, she was a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute of Asian Studies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, and a Fulbright-Scholar-in-Residence at Santa Fe College, US. She obtained her doctoral degree in sociology from the National University of Singapore. Her research interest revolves around the discursive constructions of the nation particularly in the postcolonial context or among minorities.

• 1 On Imagining a Nation.- 1.1 Emphasis on homogeneity and elites in the study of nationhood.-  1.2 Prevalence of homogeneous elite point of views in Indonesian Studies.-  1.3 Towards Heterogeneous Constructions of Everyday Nationhood.- 1.3.1 The construction of the nation.-   1.3.2 Standpoint Theory and Situated Imagining.-  1.4 Organisation of the book.- References.-  2 Nationalism and the Making of Indonesian Subjects.-  2.1 Precursors to Independence.-  2.2 Independent Indonesia as a Unitary State.-  2.2.1 Nation-building Narratives: Majapahit, The Youth Pledge and Pancasila.- 2.2.2. Early Challenges in Nation-Building.- 2.2.3 Guided Democracy and the end of the Sukarno’s administration.- 2.3 The New Order: Stabilization and Homogenization.- 2.3.1 Military Style Homogenization.- 2.3.2 Education as the site of indoctrination.- 2.3.3 Building the national cultural identity.- 2.3.4 Uneven belongingness to Indonesia.-  2.3.5 The beginning of the end.- 2.4 The reform period.- 2.4.1 Decentralization.- 2.4.2 Gus Dur, Megawati, and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.- 2.5 Conclusion.- References.- 3.Methodology.- 3.1 The research sites: Jakarta, Kupang, and Banda Aceh.- 3.2 Methodological challenges.- 3.3 The Photo Elicitation Interview method.- 3.4 Selection of photographs and the interview process.- 3.4.1 Photographs used in the interviews.- 3.5 Note on analysis.-  References.- 4.Imagining “Indonesia” from Jakarta.- 4.1 The Socio-Historical Context of Jakarta.- 4.2 The Inward Gaze: Building a chain of equivalence from diversity and disparity.-  4.2.1 The nationalization and essentialization of regional cultures.- 4.2.2 Politically and economically dependent periphery.- 4.2.3 The regions as negative space.-  4.3 The Outward Gaze.- 4.3.1 The Antagonistic Other: Malaysia.- 4.3.2 The Desirable Other: Affluent and Developed Countries.- References.- 5 Indonesia from the periphery: Imagining “Indonesia” in Kupang.- 5.1The Socio-Historical Context of Kupang.- 5.2 The Inward Gaze: Coexistence of Hegemonic and Counter-hegemonic Discourses.- 5.2.1 Reproductions of hegemonic narratives.- 5.2.2. Inhabiting the Negative Space: Do you know where Kupang is?.- 5.2.3 Questioning Hegemonic Meanings of “Culture” and “Diversity”.- 5.2.4 A Pragmatic Belongingness to the Nation.- 5.3 The Outward gaze: The absence of the international world as the Other.- 5.4 Summary and Conclusion.- References.- 6 Deconstructing “Indonesia” in Banda Aceh.- 6.1 The Socio-Historical Context of Banda Aceh.- 6.2 The Inward Gaze.- 6.2.1 Inhibiting the Negative Space: Aceh culture versus Indonesian culture.-  6.2.2 Two Perceptions on Aceh's Integration with Indonesia.- 6.3 The Outward Gaze: Aceh and the World.- 6.4 Summary and Conclusion.- References.- 7 Heterogeneous constructions of the nation: theoretical and practical implications.- 7.1 Plural imaginings from below: the centre and the peripheries.- 7.2. Multiple modes of Otherness.- 7.3 Multiple centers, plural dominant discourses.- 7.4 The nation as “regularity in dispersion”.- 7.5 The future of Indonesia as a common project?.