Andrew S. Ross is a Lecturer in the School of Education and Social Work at the University of Sydney, Australia. His research interests are interdisciplinary and varied but include critical discourse studies, political communication, discourses of new media, and sociolinguistics. His work has been published such venues as Communication and Sport, The Language Learning Journal, Journal of Language, Identity and Education, and Discourse, Context and Media, and Australian Review of Applied Linguistics. He is the co-editor of the volume The Sociolinguistics of Hip-Hop as Critical Conscience: Dissatisfaction and Dissent (2017). See www.asross.com Damian J. Rivers is an Associate Professor [Communication] at Future University Hakodate, Japan. His research interests concern critical pedagogies, the discourse of social media and political communities of participation, and expressions of power within educational philosophy, policy and practice. He is co-author of Beyond Native-Speakerism: Current Explorations and Future Visions (2018, Routledge), editor of Resistance to the Known: Counter-Conduct in Language Education (2015) and co-editor of Isms in Language Education: Oppression, Intersectionality and Emancipation (2017), The Sociolinguistics of Hip-Hop as Critical Conscience: Dissatisfaction and Dissent (2017), Native-Speakerism in Japan: Intergroup Dynamics in Foreign Language Education (2013) and Social Identities and Multiple Selves in Foreign Language Education (2013). See www.hakodate7128.com.

• Introduction: (De)Legitimization and Participation in the Digitized Public SphereAndrew S. Ross and Damian J. RiversPart I: Participatory Language Use Online and Discursive PositioningChapter 1: (De)Legitimizing Language Uses in Language Ideological Debates OnlineAntonio ReyesChapter 2: Persuasion by Commonality: Legitimizing Actions through Discourse on Common Sense in a Japanese Advice ForumGiancarla Unser-SchutzChapter 3: A Name Rightly Given? The Use, Abuse, and Adoption of the Term "Cybernat" During the Scottish Referendum DebateRowan R. MackayChapter 4: Online Performances of Expertise by Sustainability Practitioners: Tracing Communicative Episodes of Professional (De)LegitimizationRahul MitraPart II: Discursive (De)Legitimization through Social Media ParticipationChapter 5: ‘Stop the Boats’: Internet Memes as Case Study of Multimodal Delegitimization of Australian Refugee Policy RhetoricAndrew S. RossChapter 6: Understanding Participatory Culture through Hashtag Activism after the Orlando Pulse TragedyNicholas DeArmas, Jennifer Roth Miller, Wendy Givoglu, David Thomas Moran and Stephanie VieChapter 7: Digital Narratives of Struggle and Legitimacy in the Arab SpringAditi BhatiaChapter 8: Not the Desired Offspring: #FertilityDay, the Italian Ministry of Health, and the Campaign that Wasn’tTommaso TrillòChapter 9: Nike Y U No Do It Yourself: Decrowning Brands by Means of MemesVittorio MontieriPart III: (De)Legitimization in Production, Participation and PerformanceChapter 10: Always On, But Never There: Political Parody, the Carnivalesque, and the Rise of the ‘Nectorate’Annamaria Neag and Richard BergerChapter 11: Trolling as Creative Insurgency: The Carnivalesque Delegitimization of Putin and His Supporters in Online Newspaper CommentaryAlla V. TovaresChapter 12: Political Cartoons as Creative Insurgency: Delegitimization in the Culture of ConvergenceDamian J. RiversChapter 13: Participation That Makes a Difference and Differences in Participation: Highrise – An Interactive Documentary Project for ChangeAnna WiehlChapter 14: Film Festival Participation and Identity Formation: Non-Professional Creativity and the Pleasures of Mobile FilmmakingGavin WilsonPart IV: (De)Legitimizing Participatory Discourses of ReligionChapter 15: Modding as a Strategy to (De)Legitimize Representations of Religion in the Civilization Game FranchiseStefan WerningChapter 16: Identity, Social Media and Religion: (De)Legitimization of Identity Construction through the Language of ReligionSoudeh Ghaffari

Andrew S. Ross is a Lecturer in the School of Education and Social Work at the University of Sydney, Australia. His research interests are interdisciplinary and varied but include critical discourse studies, political communication, discourses of new media, and sociolinguistics. His work has been published such venues as Communication and Sport, The Language Learning Journal, Journal of Language, Identity and Education, and Discourse, Context and Media, and Australian Review of Applied Linguistics. He is the co-editor of the volume The Sociolinguistics of Hip-Hop as Critical Conscience: Dissatisfaction and Dissent (2017). See www.asross.com Damian J. Rivers is an Associate Professor [Communication] at Future University Hakodate, Japan. His research interests concern critical pedagogies, the discourse of social media and political communities of participation, and expressions of power within educational philosophy, policy and practice. He is co-author of Beyond Native-Speakerism: Current Explorations and Future Visions (2018, Routledge), editor of Resistance to the Known: Counter-Conduct in Language Education (2015) and co-editor of Isms in Language Education: Oppression, Intersectionality and Emancipation (2017), The Sociolinguistics of Hip-Hop as Critical Conscience: Dissatisfaction and Dissent (2017), Native-Speakerism in Japan: Intergroup Dynamics in Foreign Language Education (2013) and Social Identities and Multiple Selves in Foreign Language Education (2013). See www.hakodate7128.com.

• Introduction: (De)Legitimization and Participation in the Digitized Public SphereAndrew S. Ross and Damian J. RiversPart I: Participatory Language Use Online and Discursive PositioningChapter 1: (De)Legitimizing Language Uses in Language Ideological Debates OnlineAntonio ReyesChapter 2: Persuasion by Commonality: Legitimizing Actions through Discourse on Common Sense in a Japanese Advice ForumGiancarla Unser-SchutzChapter 3: A Name Rightly Given? The Use, Abuse, and Adoption of the Term "Cybernat" During the Scottish Referendum DebateRowan R. MackayChapter 4: Online Performances of Expertise by Sustainability Practitioners: Tracing Communicative Episodes of Professional (De)LegitimizationRahul MitraPart II: Discursive (De)Legitimization through Social Media ParticipationChapter 5: ‘Stop the Boats’: Internet Memes as Case Study of Multimodal Delegitimization of Australian Refugee Policy RhetoricAndrew S. RossChapter 6: Understanding Participatory Culture through Hashtag Activism after the Orlando Pulse TragedyNicholas DeArmas, Jennifer Roth Miller, Wendy Givoglu, David Thomas Moran and Stephanie VieChapter 7: Digital Narratives of Struggle and Legitimacy in the Arab SpringAditi BhatiaChapter 8: Not the Desired Offspring: #FertilityDay, the Italian Ministry of Health, and the Campaign that Wasn’tTommaso TrillòChapter 9: Nike Y U No Do It Yourself: Decrowning Brands by Means of MemesVittorio MontieriPart III: (De)Legitimization in Production, Participation and PerformanceChapter 10: Always On, But Never There: Political Parody, the Carnivalesque, and the Rise of the ‘Nectorate’Annamaria Neag and Richard BergerChapter 11: Trolling as Creative Insurgency: The Carnivalesque Delegitimization of Putin and His Supporters in Online Newspaper CommentaryAlla V. TovaresChapter 12: Political Cartoons as Creative Insurgency: Delegitimization in the Culture of ConvergenceDamian J. RiversChapter 13: Participation That Makes a Difference and Differences in Participation: Highrise – An Interactive Documentary Project for ChangeAnna WiehlChapter 14: Film Festival Participation and Identity Formation: Non-Professional Creativity and the Pleasures of Mobile FilmmakingGavin WilsonPart IV: (De)Legitimizing Participatory Discourses of ReligionChapter 15: Modding as a Strategy to (De)Legitimize Representations of Religion in the Civilization Game FranchiseStefan WerningChapter 16: Identity, Social Media and Religion: (De)Legitimization of Identity Construction through the Language of ReligionSoudeh Ghaffari

Andrew S. Ross is a Lecturer in the School of Education and Social Work at the University of Sydney, Australia. His research interests are interdisciplinary and varied but include critical discourse studies, political communication, discourses of new media, and sociolinguistics. His work has been published such venues as Communication and Sport, The Language Learning Journal, Journal of Language, Identity and Education, and Discourse, Context and Media, and Australian Review of Applied Linguistics. He is the co-editor of the volume The Sociolinguistics of Hip-Hop as Critical Conscience: Dissatisfaction and Dissent (2017). See www.asross.com Damian J. Rivers is an Associate Professor [Communication] at Future University Hakodate, Japan. His research interests concern critical pedagogies, the discourse of social media and political communities of participation, and expressions of power within educational philosophy, policy and practice. He is co-author of Beyond Native-Speakerism: Current Explorations and Future Visions (2018, Routledge), editor of Resistance to the Known: Counter-Conduct in Language Education (2015) and co-editor of Isms in Language Education: Oppression, Intersectionality and Emancipation (2017), The Sociolinguistics of Hip-Hop as Critical Conscience: Dissatisfaction and Dissent (2017), Native-Speakerism in Japan: Intergroup Dynamics in Foreign Language Education (2013) and Social Identities and Multiple Selves in Foreign Language Education (2013). See www.hakodate7128.com.

• Introduction: (De)Legitimization and Participation in the Digitized Public SphereAndrew S. Ross and Damian J. RiversPart I: Participatory Language Use Online and Discursive PositioningChapter 1: (De)Legitimizing Language Uses in Language Ideological Debates OnlineAntonio ReyesChapter 2: Persuasion by Commonality: Legitimizing Actions through Discourse on Common Sense in a Japanese Advice ForumGiancarla Unser-SchutzChapter 3: A Name Rightly Given? The Use, Abuse, and Adoption of the Term "Cybernat" During the Scottish Referendum DebateRowan R. MackayChapter 4: Online Performances of Expertise by Sustainability Practitioners: Tracing Communicative Episodes of Professional (De)LegitimizationRahul MitraPart II: Discursive (De)Legitimization through Social Media ParticipationChapter 5: ‘Stop the Boats’: Internet Memes as Case Study of Multimodal Delegitimization of Australian Refugee Policy RhetoricAndrew S. RossChapter 6: Understanding Participatory Culture through Hashtag Activism after the Orlando Pulse TragedyNicholas DeArmas, Jennifer Roth Miller, Wendy Givoglu, David Thomas Moran and Stephanie VieChapter 7: Digital Narratives of Struggle and Legitimacy in the Arab SpringAditi BhatiaChapter 8: Not the Desired Offspring: #FertilityDay, the Italian Ministry of Health, and the Campaign that Wasn’tTommaso TrillòChapter 9: Nike Y U No Do It Yourself: Decrowning Brands by Means of MemesVittorio MontieriPart III: (De)Legitimization in Production, Participation and PerformanceChapter 10: Always On, But Never There: Political Parody, the Carnivalesque, and the Rise of the ‘Nectorate’Annamaria Neag and Richard BergerChapter 11: Trolling as Creative Insurgency: The Carnivalesque Delegitimization of Putin and His Supporters in Online Newspaper CommentaryAlla V. TovaresChapter 12: Political Cartoons as Creative Insurgency: Delegitimization in the Culture of ConvergenceDamian J. RiversChapter 13: Participation That Makes a Difference and Differences in Participation: Highrise – An Interactive Documentary Project for ChangeAnna WiehlChapter 14: Film Festival Participation and Identity Formation: Non-Professional Creativity and the Pleasures of Mobile FilmmakingGavin WilsonPart IV: (De)Legitimizing Participatory Discourses of ReligionChapter 15: Modding as a Strategy to (De)Legitimize Representations of Religion in the Civilization Game FranchiseStefan WerningChapter 16: Identity, Social Media and Religion: (De)Legitimization of Identity Construction through the Language of ReligionSoudeh Ghaffari