This publication explores how advanced instrumentation and control (I&C) systems and digital technologies can enhance nuclear power plant performance across critical attributes, such as availability, operational flexibility, engineering efficiency and environmental sustainability. It offers an up-to-date overview of proven practices, innovative approaches and lessons learned throughout the plant life cycle, from design and construction to operation and long-term management. Developed to support Member States and stakeholders of the nuclear power industry, this publication emphasizes methods that ensure safety, reliability and cost-effectiveness while leveraging digital technologies to optimize operations and maintenance under the highest standards of safety and security.