Dietary Nutrients, Additives and Fish Health

Cheng-Sheng Lee is the Director of the Center for Tropical and Subtropical Aquaculture, NIFA-USDA at Oceanic Institute of Hawaii Pacific University, HI, USA.Chhorn Lim is a Nutrition Scientist at the United States Department of Agriculture’s Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory in Auburn, Alabama, USA.Delbert M. Gatlin III is Regents Professor and Associate Department Head for Research and Graduate Programs in the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences at Texas A&M University, Texas, USA.Carl Webster is Center Director/Research Leader of the USDA-ARS Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR, USA.

• List of Contributors ixPreface xiiiAcknowledgements xv1 Overview of Fish Immune System and Infectious Diseases 1Craig Shoemaker, De-Hai Xu, Benjamin LaFrentz, and Scott LaPatra2 Protein, Amino Acids, and Ingredients 25Carl D. Webster and Kenneth R. Thompson3 Lipids and Fatty Acids 47Douglas R. Tocher and Brett D. Glencross4 Carbohydrates 95Gro-Ingunn Hemre and Dong-Fang Deng5 β-Glucans 111Ann L. Gannam6 Vitamins (Excluding C and E) 125Shi-Yen Shiau and Yu-Hung Lin7 The Effect of Vitamin C on Fish Health 151Viviane Verlhac Trichet, Ester Santigosa, Eve Cochin, and Jacques Gabaudan8 Vitamin E 173Marisol Izquierdo and Mónica Betancor9 Minerals 195Carl D. Webster and Chhorn Lim10 Antinutrients 211Åshild Krogdahl and Anne Marie Bakke11 Mycotoxin Contamination of Fish Feeds 237Bruce B. Manning12 Nucleotides 249Peng Li, Jianmin Zhao, and Delbert M. Gatlin III13 Prebiotics 271Delbert M. Gatlin III14 Gastrointestinal Microorganisms of Fish and Probiotics 283Viswanath Kiron15 Organic Acids and Their Salts 305Chhorn Lim, Christian Lückstädt, Carl D. Webster, and Phillip Kesius16 Plant Extracts 321Galina Jeney, Lourens De Wet, Zsigmond Jeney, and Guojun Yin17 Feeding Practices and Fish Health 333Chhorn Lim, Carl D. Webster, and Cheng-Sheng LeeIndex 347