Alex J. Moule is an Associate Professor and Discipline Lead in Endodontics at the School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. M. Lamar Hicks is Clinical Professor, Deans Faculty, Endodontics Division at the University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

• Contributors viAcknowledgments viiAbout the Companion Website viii1 Introduction 1Alex J. Moule and M. Lamar Hicks2 The Art of Listening – Communicating Effectively with a Patient in Pain 3Andrew D. Wolvin3 Causes of Pain in the Orofacial Region 6Vishal R. Aggarwal, Alex J. Moule and M. Lamar Hicks4 Gathering Information for an Accurate Pain Diagnosis 16Alex J. Moule and M. Lamar Hicks5 Analyzing Patients in Pain – Describing Pain and the Importance of Descriptors 19Alex J. Moule and M. Lamar Hicks6 Analyzing Patients in Pain – Observing Patients in Pain 23Alex J. Moule and Tareq Al Ali7 Analyzing Patients in Pain – Associations with Cold and Heat 36Alex J. Moule and M. Lamar Hicks8 Analyzing Pain Descriptions – Pain on Biting or Eating and Other Considerations 41Alex J. Moule and M. Lamar Hicks9 Analyzing Pain Descriptions – Time Analysis and the Diagnosis of Orofacial Pain 46Alex J. Moule and M. Lamar Hicks10 Analyzing Pain Descriptions – Factors Influencing the Pain 50Alex J. Moule and M. Lamar Hicks11 Tests and Testing 53Alex J. Moule and Unni Krishnan12 Diagnosing Dental Pain 61Alex J. Moule and Unni Krishnan13 Diagnosing Cracked (Crown Fractured) Teeth 68Alex J. Moule14 Diagnosing Joint and Muscle Pains 79Chris Moule and Iven Klineberg15 Diagnosing Pain Referral from Neck and Shoulders 89Scott Cook and Alex J. Moule16 Diagnosing Pain from the Sinuses 96Unni Krishnan and Alex J. Moule17 Diagnosing Tension Headaches and Migraine 103David Mock18 Diagnosing Cluster Headaches 106Kerryn Green19 Diagnosing Trigeminal Neuralgia 109Kerryn Green20 Viruses as a Cause of Orofacial Pain 113Michael Apicella21 Vascular Causes of Headaches 117Mark Paine22 Diagnosing Neuropathic Orofacial Pain 123E. Russell Vickers and Alex J. Moule23 Referral Strategies for Orofacial Pain Cases 130F. Russell Vickers and Alex J. MouleReferences 133Index 140

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