Development, Democracy, and Welfare States

Stephan Haggard is the Lawrence and Sallye Krause Professor of Korea-Pacific Studies at the University of California, San Diego. Robert R. Kaufman is professor of political science at Rutgers University.

• List of Figures xi List of Tables xiii Preface and Acknowledgments xvii Abbreviations xxiii INTRODUCTION: Toward a Political Economy of Social Policy 1 PART ONE: The Historical Origins of Welfare Systems, 1945-80 25 CHAPTER ONE: Social Policy in Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe, 1945-80: An Overview 27 CHAPTER TWO: The Expansion of Welfare Commitments in Latin America, 1945-80 79 CHAPTER THREE: The Evolution of Social Contracts in East Asia, 1950-80 114 CHAPTER FOUR: Building the Socialist Welfare State: The Expansion of Welfare Commitments in Eastern Europe 143 PART TWO: Democratization, Economic Crisis, and Welfare Reform, 1980-2005 179 CHAPTER FIVE: The Political Economy of Welfare Reform 181 CHAPTER SIX: Democracy, Growth, and the Evolution of Social Contracts in East Asia, 1980-2005 221 CHAPTER SEVEN: Democracy, Economic Crisis, and Social Policy in Latin America, 1980-2005 262 CHAPTER EIGHT: The Legacy of the Socialist Welfare State, 1990-2005 305 CONCLUSION: Latin America, East Asia, Eastern Europe, and the Theory of the Welfare State 346 APPENDIX ONE: Cross-National Empirical Studies of the Effects of Democracy on Social Policy and Social Outcomes 365 APPENDIX TWO: Fiscal Federalism and Social Spending in Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe 370 APPENDIX THREE: A Cross-Section Model of Social Policy and Outcomes in Middle-Income Countries, 1973-80 372 APPENDIX FOUR: Regime-Coding Rules 379 APPENDIX FIVE: A Cross-Section, Time-Series Model of Social Spending in Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe, 1980-2000 382 APPENDIX SIX: Social Security, Health, and Education Expenditure in East Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe, 1980-2005 387 References 399 Index 449

One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2009 "In this new work, the authors make another major contribution to the field of comparative political economy by examining in a thorough manner the various factors that influence the different trajectories of social policy (primarily the development and reform of welfare policies) in middle-income countries of Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe... This will be an important and widely cited work in the field."--Choice "The in-depth comparative investigation into the welfare states in developing and former-communist countries provided in Development, Democracy, and Welfare States is unprecedented. This book will likely be the point of departure for most future work on welfare states in any of these regions... The conclusion of the book, in addition to presenting the significant findings of this initial investigation, could be read as a research agenda for students of welfare-state (re)formation in Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe."--Kristin Nickel Makszin, Czech Sociological Review "[T]he first of its kind and one that opens new paths... The main strength of the book is ... its very articulate comparative historical analysis covering a range of policy issues and countries. The book is already a must-read and excellent contribution to the field."--Emre Uckardesler, International Review of Modern Sociology "Development, Democracy, and Welfare States transforms the comparative study of welfare states or regimes outside of the advanced industrial countries... [I]t goes much further than its predecessors in integrating a detailed and original analysis of cross-national statistical data into an excellent synthesis of existing literature... Development, Democracy, and Welfare States makes an enormous contribution to the field of comparative political economy."--Jeremy Seekings, Perspectives on Politics "This book, written by a leading partnership of political scientists, is a milestone of synthesis, a valuable source of data, and a model for macro-comparative history."--Jeremy Adelman, International History Review "[T]his book is insightful and will be influential in the annals of comparative political economy... For students of comparative welfare states, this book is a must-read because Haggard and Kaufman have set a high standard for further comparative inquiry."--Yun Fan, Taiwan Journal of Democracy "Haggard and Kaufman's work is praiseworthy for its painstaking execution of an empirically robust comparative project aimed at pattern identification--an endeavor crucial for analyzing the three regions once regarded as fundamentally distinct... This book is insightful and will be influential in the annals of comparative political economy... For students of comparative welfare states, this book is a must-read because Haggard and Kaufman have set a high standard for further comparative inquiry."--Yun Fan, Journal of Democracy "[T]he book truly excels in constructing a new, parsimonious, and concise middle-range theory of the political economy of the welfare state in the emerging markets through a broad comparison that successfully narrows the range of explanatory variables. It also presents a convincing counterargument against dire predictions of a 'neo-liberal' revolution and massive rollbacks of the key social programs in the new democracies. Without a doubt the book makes an outstanding contribution to literature that will benefit student, and scholars of both comparative social policy and eastern Europe for many years to come."--Tomasz Inglot, Slavic Review "There is lot to like about this book. The scope of it alone is impressive. In almost 450 fact-packed pages, including a reference list of almost 50 pages, as well as six Appendix-sections of method and illustrative graphs, Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman take the reader on a journey of social policy in a wide range of countries in Latin America, East Asia and Eastern Europe. This fact alone could very well make this the text-book on the particular subject matter."--Daniel Ankarloo, East Asia Quarterly "Development, Democracy, and Welfare States ... is an outstanding historical analysis of the development in three regions: Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Eastern Europe."--Juan Carlos Echeverry, Business History Review