Winston Dookeran is currently secretary general of EUCLID University ‐ a United Nations registered intergovernmental institution of higher education. Recently, he was Professor of Practice at the University of the West Indies and Visiting Professor at the University of Toronto, Canada. Dr. M. Raymond Izarali is a Philosopher and Associate Professor in the Department of Criminology and a Fellow and former director of the Tshepo Institute for the Study of Contemporary Africa, at Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada.