Deterring Russia in Europe

Nora Vanaga is a senior researcher at the Centre for Security and Strategic Research at the National Defence Academy of Latvia. She has published many book chapters and academic articles dealing with international security and defence issues. Toms Rostoks is a researcher at the Centre for Security and Strategic Research at the National Defence Academy of Latvia. He is also Associate Professor in international relations at the Department of Political Science, University of Latvia.

• Introduction Toms Rostoks I Part Conceptualizing Deterrence 1. The Evolution of Deterrence from the Cold War to Hybrid War Toms Rostoks 2. NATO’s conventional deterrence posture Martin Zapfe, Nora Vanaga 3. NATO’s Nuclear Deterrence Deficit Andrew Corbett 4. Total Defence as a Comprehensive Approach to National Security Ieva Bērziņa II Part Country Case Studies 5. Sweden and its deterrence deficit: Quick to react, yet slow to act Robert Dalsjö 6. Finland’s ambiguous deterrence: mixing deterrence by denial with ambiguous extended deterrence Charly Salonius-Pasternak 7. Norway: NATO in the North? Karsten Friis 8. Estonia’s Approach to Deterrence: Combining Central and Extended Deterrence Henrik Praks 9. Latvia’s Defence Strategy: Challenges in Providing a Credible Deterrence Posture Nora Vanaga 10. The Deterrence Strategy of Lithuania: In Search of Right Combination Tomas Janeliūnas 11. Belarus’ Constrained Efforts at National Deterrence Nora Vanaga 12. Poland – the NATO’s East European Frontline Nation Zdzislaw Sliwa 13. Germany: Rediscovering Collective Defence, Relearning Deterrence, Redefining its Role in European Defence Claudia Major, Christian Mölling 14. Romania’s Approach on Deterrence Carmen Sorina Rîjnoveanu Conclusions Nora Vanaga

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