Designing Commercial Interiors

Christine M. Piotrowski, FASID, IIDA, of Phoenix, Arizona, has more than 30 years of commercial and residential design experience and is a retired Professor of interior design with 16 years of teaching experience at Northern Arizona University. Piotrowski was President of the Arizona North Chapter of ASID in 2002-2003 and served on ASID national committees as well as NCIDQ committees. She has won the ASID/Polsky Prize twice and is the author of Professional Practice for Interior Designers, 6th edition.

• Preface xviiAcknowledgments xxi1 Commercial Interior Design 1Historical Overview 3Understanding the Client’s Business 5Working in Commercial Interior Design 7Where the Jobs Are 12BOX Working in a Small Versus Working in a Large Firm 14Professionalism 15Professional Competency 15Licensing and Registration 17Ethics 18Professional Growth 19Key Terms 20Bibliography and References 20Internet Resources 232 Forces that Shape Commercial Interior Design 25Cultural Sensitivity 26Global Marketplace 29Sustainable Design 33Overview 33BOX Environmental Stewardship 36LEED Certification and Credentials 37The Triple Bottom Line 41Does Going Green Cost More? 41The Indoor Environment and the Interior Designer 43Product Specification Principles 44Security and Safety 48Codes 50Permitting Process and Officials 51Occupancy Classifications 53BOX Occupancy Classifications 54Accessible Design 55Design Applications— Restroom Facilities 56Restroom Accessibility— General Planning Concepts 57BOX Influence of Corporate Brands 60Key Terms 61Bibliography and References 61Internet Resources 653 Research in Interior Design 67Research Methodologies in Design 68The Importance of Research in Design 68Research Steps 69BOX Benchmarking 72Evidence- Based Design 72BOX Design Thinking 74Problem Solving in Design 74Project Goals and Concept Development 77Design Process 78Programming Elements 80BOX Asking Questions 82Key Terms 82Bibliography and References 83Internet Resources 844 Project Management 85What Is Project Management? 85Role and Responsibilities of the Project Manager 87Working Relationships with Stakeholders and Team Members 90Managing the Design Team 90Client Relationships and Client Expectations 92BOX Tips for Working with Executive- Level Clients 94Project Delivery Methods 95Design- Bid- Build: Traditional 96Construction Management 97Design- Build 98Fast- Track 98Integrated Design Process 99Building Information Modeling (BIM) 100Project Process 101Proposals 101Work Plan 102BOX Typical CD Items 103Scheduling 104BOX Time Management Tips 107Budget 107Documentation 109Post- Occupancy Evaluation 111Adaptive Reuse 112Overview of Adaptive Reuse 113Methods and Applications 116Project Strategies in Adaptive Reuse 117Sustainable Design Issues in Adaptive Reuse 118Key Terms 119Bibliography and References 119Internet Resources 1235 The Office 125Historical Overview 126Issues Impacting Office Design 129Collaborative Office Spaces 130Coworking Space 132Multigenerational Offices 132BOX Generations in the Workforce 133Wellness 133Technology Integration 134An Overview of Office Operations 134BOX The Knowledge Worker 136Traditional Office Organizational Structure 136The New Office Organizational Structure 141Corporate Culture 143Image and Status 145BOX Facility Management and Facility Planning 146Key Terms 148Bibliography and References 148Internet Resources 1526 Office Interior Design Elements 153Types of Office Spaces 154Planning and Design Elements 158Feasibility Studies 159BOX Selected Leasing Terminology 160Sustainable Design 162Safety and Security 163Code Requirements 164Space Allocation and Circulation 167ADA Impact in Office Planning 170Furniture 172Materials, Finishes, and Color 181BOX Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Open Plan 182Mechanical Systems 186Design Applications 193Closed Office Plans 194Open Office Plans 206Designing a Small, Professional Office 210BOX Home Offices 214Key Terms 216Bibliography and References 216Internet Resources 2207 Lodging Facilities 223Historical Overview 224Overview of Lodging Business Operations 226Management and Responsibility Areas 228Types of Lodging Facilities 229The Changing Lodging Guest 233Business versus Vacation Guest 233Generational Sensitivities 235Planning and Interior Design Elements 236BOX Exterior Lodging Design 237Feasibility Studies and Concept Statements 238Sustainable Design 239Safety and Security 240Code Requirements 241Space Allocation and Circulation 243Wayfinding 246Furniture 246Materials, Finishes, and Color 248Mechanical Systems 249Design Applications 251Generic Full- Service Hotel 252Food and Beverage Facilities in Lodging 272Bed and Breakfast Inns 275Key Terms 278Bibliography and References 279Internet Resources 2828 Food and Beverage Facilities 283Historical Overview 284Overview of Food and Beverage Business Operations 287Types of Food and Beverage Facilities 289Planning and Interior Design Elements 293BOX Restaurant Exterior Design 294Feasibility Study, Concept, and Menu Development 295Sustainable Design 296Safety and Security 298Code Requirements 299Space Allocation and Circulation 300Furniture 304Materials, Finishes, and Color 306Mechanical Systems 308Design Applications 310Generic Full- Service Restaurant 310Coffee Shops 321Quick- Service Restaurant 324Beverage Facilities 325BOX Restrooms in Restaurants 330Key Terms 330Bibliography and References 331Internet Resources 3349 Retail Facilities 335Historical Overview 336Overview of Retail Business Operations 338Store Merchandising 341Types of Retail Facilities 344Planning and Interior Design Elements 348BOX Retail Store Exterior Design 348Feasibility and Concept 350Sustainable Design 350Security and Safety 352Code Requirements 353Space Allocation and Circulation 354Fixtures and Furniture 358Materials, Finishes, and Color 359Mechanical Systems 361Design Applications 362Generic Small Clothing Stores 363Generic Small Gift Stores 368Generic Jewelry Stores 372Hardline Stores 374BOX An Office Furniture Dealership or Showroom 376Key Terms 377Bibliography and References 378Internet Resources 38110 Healthcare Facilities 383Historical Overview 384Overview of Healthcare/Medicine 386Forces Impacting Healthcare Design 390Types of Healthcare Facilities 392BOX Medical Office Buildings 394Planning and Interior Design Elements 396Feasibility Studies 397Sustainable Design 399Security and Safety 401Code Requirements 402ADA Issues 403Space Allocation and Circulation 403Wayfinding 405Furniture 406BOX The Healing Environment 407Materials, Finishes, and Color 408Mechanical Systems 410Design Applications 411Medical Office Suites 412Specialized Medical Practice Suites 425Hospitals 430Urgent Care Facility 441Dental Facilities 443Key Terms 450Bibliography and References 451Internet Resources 45511 Senior Living Facilities 457Historical Overview 458Overview of Senior Living Facilities 459Forces Impacting Senior Living Design 463Types of Senior Living Facilities 465Planning and Interior Design Elements 472Feasibility Studies 473Sustainable Design 473Security and Safety 474Code Requirements 475Space Allocation and Circulation 476Furniture 480Materials, Finishes, and Color 483Mechanical Systems 486Design Applications 487Assisted- Living Facilities 487Long- Term Care Facilities 492Alzheimer’s and Dementia Facilities 495Hospice Care Facilities 500Key Terms 502Bibliography and References 502Internet Resources 50612 Recreational Facilities 509Overview 509Types of Recreational Facilities 510Fitness Center 511Planning and Design Elements of a Fitness Center 511Day Spas 514Planning and Design Elements of a Day Spa 515Golf Clubhouses 518Planning and Design Elements of Golf Clubhouses 520Auditoriums 525Planning and Design Elements of Auditoriums 527Key Terms 530Bibliography and References 530Internet Resources 533Appendix 535Trade Associations 535Periodicals 537Glossary 539Index 565